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Explainable AI in Diagnostic Radiology for Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review, and What Doctors Think About It.
Diagnostics (Basel)
January 2025
Aerospace Engineering Department and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics, and Interdisciplinary Research Center Aviation and Space Exploration, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently made unprecedented contributions in every walk of life, but it has not been able to work its way into diagnostic medicine and standard clinical practice yet. Although data scientists, researchers, and medical experts have been working in the direction of designing and developing computer aided diagnosis (CAD) tools to serve as assistants to doctors, their large-scale adoption and integration into the healthcare system still seems far-fetched. Diagnostic radiology is no exception.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFError mitigation in forensic handwriting examination: the examiner's perspective.
Forensic Sci Res
December 2024
National Forensic Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Like other pattern recognition disciplines, forensic handwriting examination relies on various human factors. Expert opinions in the field are based on visual analysis and comparison, and the evaluation of findings is generally conducted without reference to tabulated data. This high level of subjectivity may contribute to bias and error in the examination process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of PCORnet as an Approach to Accessing Electronic Health Record (EHR) Data for Cleft Outcomes Research: Advantages and Limitations.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J
January 2025
Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA.
To evaluate the feasibility of using the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) as a source of electronic health record (EHR) data for cleft outcomes research. Exploratory retrospective analysis of multi-year, administrative and clinical, structured data stored in PCORnet. Academic institution with an ACPA-approved cleft and craniofacial team.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccrual Suspensions in Seamless Phase II/III Trials: A Review of NRG Oncology Trials.
JCO Oncol Adv
December 2024
Biometric Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Purpose: A phase II/III trial is a type of phase III trial that has embedded in it an intermediate phase II go/no-go decision as to whether to continue the accrual to the phase III sample size. We examine the design characteristics and experience of a well-defined set of National Cancer Institute phase II/III trials, with special emphasis on designed accrual suspensions while awaiting the data to become mature enough for the phase II analysis. This experience is used to highlight the potential of using a calendar backstop to avoid an inordinately long accrual suspension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of Paired Immunofluorescent Antibody Serology and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for the Detection of Acute Q Fever among Febrile Patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 2012-2014.
Am J Trop Med Hyg
December 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Acute Q fever diagnosis via paired serology is problematic because it requires follow-up for convalescent sample collection; as such, it cannot provide a diagnosis to inform a treatment decision at the time of acute presentation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be a useful approach for the diagnosis of acute Q fever in endemic settings. Among febrile patients enrolled in a sentinel surveillance study for Q fever at two referral hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, from 2012 to 2014, we analyzed those with paired sera for IgG to Coxiella burnetii (C.
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