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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus continues to be a major global public health issue. Body mass index is a general indicator of nutritional status and has emerged as a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality among adult PLHIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. However, there is a dearth of information regarding longitudinal changes in body mass index and its predictors among adult PLHIV in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.

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Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent condition worldwide, significantly diminishing quality of life and productivity. Except for the alignment change, muscle activation patterns (MAP) have garnered increasing attention as another crucial factor contributing to KOA.

Objective: This study explores the factors, characteristics, and effects of MAP changes caused by KOA, providing a neuromuscular-based causal analysis for the rehabilitation treatment of KOA.

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Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery (MINS) is an increasingly recognized complication that significantly impacts postoperative morbidity and mortality. Characterized by elevated cardiac troponin levels without overt ischemic symptoms, MINS presents a challenge in perioperative care. This review article explores the epidemiology, etiology, and management of MINS, with a particular focus on prevention and the latest management strategies.

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Lewy body diseases and the gut.

Mol Neurodegener

January 2025

Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.

Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in Lewy body diseases (LBDs) has been observed since the initial descriptions of patients by James Parkinson. Recent experimental and human observational studies raise the possibility that pathogenic alpha-synuclein (⍺-syn) might develop in the GI tract and subsequently spread to susceptible brain regions. The cellular and mechanistic origins of ⍺-syn propagation in disease are under intense investigation.

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Radioresistance in rectal cancer: can nanoparticles turn the tide?

Mol Cancer

January 2025

i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200‑135, Portugal.

Rectal cancer accounts for over 35% of the worldwide colorectal cancer burden representing a distinctive subset of cancers from those arising in the colon. Colorectal cancers exhibit a continuum of traits that differ with their location in the large intestine. Due to anatomical and molecular differences, rectal cancer is treated differently from colon cancer, with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy playing a pivotal role in the control of the locally advanced disease.

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