It is catastrophic when a judicial error results in the implementation of the death penalty. The western system of courts of appeal diminishes the risk of the condemnation of innocent persons but does not rule it out. Intrinsic influences of psychological effects are just as detrimental as preconceived notions as was the case, for instance, when Socrates' life ended unnaturally. This happened despite the fact that he was able to establish persuasively that the court had considered false evidence and had therefrom made unfair and untruthful deductions. This article uses the example in psychosomatic medicine of a member of a family who becomes aggressive because of envy and jealousy and this results in often tragic consequences for the 'victim' of his offensive behaviour. The principle is the same. The only solution is the intercession of an unbiased influence to work out the problem from a point of view that is unaffected by such turmoils which are often inherent in the system. If this is not done any organization or society can make deadly mistakes.
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Behav Sci (Basel)
December 2024
New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA.
Inadmissible evidence generally biases jurors toward guilty verdicts; jurors who hear inadmissible evidence are more likely to convict than jurors not exposed to inadmissible evidence-even when evidence is constant. When inadmissible evidence is introduced, the common legal remedy is judicial instructions to jurors to disregard it. Appeals courts repeatedly affirm instructions to disregard as a sufficient safeguard of defendants' constitutional rights, despite research finding that jurors do not disregard when instructed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostics (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy.
: Firearm wounds tend to have a precise pattern. Despite this, real-world case presentations can present uncertain elements, sometimes deviating from what is considered standard, and present uncommon features that are difficult for forensic pathologists and ballistic experts to explain. : A retrospective analysis of autopsy reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Catania, covering 2019-2023, included 348 judicial inspections and 378 autopsies performed as part of the institute's overall activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Med Pathol
November 2024
Institute of Legal medicine, CHRU TOURS, Trousseau Hospital, Avenue de la république, 37170, Chambray-lès-Tours, France.
Behav Sci Law
January 2025
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
A court may move the location of the trial to another jurisdiction if the jury pool is deemed biased by the judge, a legal maneuver based on a "Change of Venue" motion (CoVm). We surveyed the frequency and the factors associated with granting the motion at the state level when the defendant was charged with murder. We reviewed court transcripts of appealed murder convictions during the 2000-2020 years from Nexis.
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September 2024
Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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