The theory of the pathogenetic role of lipoperoxides in atherosclerosis and thrombosis is very topical at present. It unifies the theory on the role of free oxygen radicals with the theory of damage of the vascular wall and with the theory of impaired lipid metabolism. It makes possible also a new interpretation of known risk factors. It is also based on the most recent results of molecular biology (role of monocytes-macrophages).
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Rev Cardiovasc Med
December 2024
Department of Cardiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, NP20 2UB Newport, UK.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a growing global health epidemic and is the leading cause of cardiovascular health problems, including ischemic stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Despite extensive research on the underlying mechanisms of AS, iron remains an under-investigated mediator in the atherosclerotic process. Iron's involvement in AS is primarily linked to the iron-induced programmed cell death process known as ferroptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Res
December 2024
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Oxidation of lipids, excessive cell death and iron deposition are prominent features of human atherosclerotic plaques. While extensive research has established the detrimental roles of lipid oxidation and apoptosis in atherosclerosis development, the involvement of iron in atherogenesis is not yet fully understood. With the emergence of an iron-dependent form of cell death termed ferroptosis, new attention has been brought to the complex interplay among iron, ferroptosis and atherosclerosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
December 2024
Department of Basic Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
Aim: The enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) bound to high-density lipoprotein has received special attention for its protective role against stress-mediated damage and use as a potential regulatory target in atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases.
Data Synthesis: We present an overview of the literature on PON1 activity and mRNA levels by investigating its modulation for clinical translations. Specifically, the expression of PON1 and its regulated activity can be modified in different ways with natural substances, drugs, and lifestyle factors thar affect the development of atherosclerosis.
Rev Cardiovasc Med
August 2024
Department for Free Radical Biochemistry, E.I. Chazov' National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, 121552 Moscow, Russia.
This review summarises the data from long-term experimental studies and literature data on the role of oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in atherogenesis and diabetogenesis. It was shown that not "oxidized" (lipoperoxide-containing) LDL, but dicarbonyl-modified LDL are atherogenic (actively captured by cultured macrophages with the help of scavenger receptors), and also cause expression of lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 () and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 () genes in endotheliocytes, which stimulate apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The obtained data allowed us to justify new approaches to pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pharmacother
August 2024
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China; State key laboratory for quality ensurance and sustainable use ofdao-di herbs, Beijing 100700, China. Electronic address:
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell demise characterized primarily by the reduction of trivalent iron to divalent iron, leading to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent induction of intense oxidative stress. In atherosclerosis (AS), highly accumulated lipids are modified by ROS to promote the formation of lipid peroxides, further amplifying cellular oxidative stress damage to influence all stages of atherosclerotic development. Macrophages are regarded as pivotal executors in the progression of AS and the handling of iron, thus targeting macrophage iron metabolism holds significant guiding implications for exploring potential therapeutic strategies against AS.
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