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Tetrodotoxin: The State-of-the-Art Progress in Characterization, Detection, Biosynthesis, and Transport Enrichment.
Mar Drugs
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen 361021, China.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin that binds to sodium channels and blocks sodium conduction. Importantly, TTX has been increasingly detected in edible aquatic organisms. Because of this and the lack of specific antidotes, TTX poisoning is now a major threat to public health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidermal distribution of tetrodotoxin-rich cells in newly hatched larvae of Takifugu spp.
Mar Biotechnol (NY)
December 2024
College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
Pufferfish of the genus Takifugu possess tetrodotoxin (TTX), known as "pufferfish toxin" and it is believed that pufferfish eggs and newly hatched larvae utilize TTX as a defensive substance against predators. However, the mechanism for the placement of TTX to specific cells on the larval body surface during the developmental process remains unknown. In this study, we clarify the distribution and characteristics of TTX-rich cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative biochemical characterization of pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin-binding protein (PSTBP) homologs in the plasma from four Takifugu species: Conservation of heat-stable PSTBP orthologs having three and two tandemly repeated lipocalin domains in genus Takifugu.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
January 2025
Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the relationship between the characteristics of pufferfish PSTBP proteoforms and their thermal stability across four Takifugu species.
- The researchers used methods like Western blot analysis and LC-MS/MS to confirm the heat-tolerance of these proteins, especially in T. rubripes.
- Findings indicate that heat-stable PSTBP proteoforms are genetically conserved within the genus, enhancing our understanding of toxin transmission in seafood and its associated risks.
First record of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine pufferfish from the Spanish Mediterranean coast using cell-based assay, automated patch clamp and HPLC-FLD.
Chemosphere
September 2024
IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, La Ràpita, Spain. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Pufferfish, known for being highly toxic due to neurotoxins like tetrodotoxins and paralytic shellfish toxins, poses a serious risk to human health and has caused many poisoning incidents.
- A study analyzed tissue extracts from two pufferfish species collected from the Spanish Mediterranean, revealing no toxicity in Sphoeroides pachygaster but significant toxicity in the liver of Lagocephalus lagocephalus specimens.
- High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins, particularly saxitoxin and decarbamoylsaxitoxin, in L. lagocephalus, highlighting a food safety concern due to the potential risks associated with consuming this toxic fish in the region. *
Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Tetrodotoxin Analogues Determined with Automated Patch Clamp on Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Neuro-2a Cells.
J Agric Food Chem
August 2024
IRTA, Ctra, Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 La Ràpita, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a dangerous marine neurotoxin linked to various poisoning cases and fatalities, with over 30 known analogues, but their toxic effects are not fully understood.
- This study focused on determining the toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) of five TTX analogues by examining how they affect voltage-gated sodium channels in Neuro-2a cells using an automated patch clamp method.
- Results showed that all TTX analogues were less toxic than TTX, and the derived TEFs can effectively convert LC-MS/MS data from pufferfish samples into relevant toxicological insights, emphasizing the potential of this method for food safety and health protection.
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