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Feasibility and challenges in sustaining a community based surveillance system in post-Ebola Sierra Leone.
Confl Health
November 2024
KIT Royal Institute, Mauritskade 63, 1092, Amsterdam, AD, The Netherlands.
Background: In outbreak-prone settings, community-based surveillance (CBS) systems can alert health authorities to respond in a timely manner where suspected cases of disease are being reported. After the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak, the WHO and other stakeholders supported the establishment of CBS in Sierra Leone, for which community health workers (CHW) were trained to collect and report symptoms data of 11 priority health conditions in their communities. Our study objective was to assess feasibility and challenges to sustain CBS in a low resource setting as part of a World Bank evaluation of Sierra Leone's Ministry of Health and Sanitation's (MoHS) CBS and electronic Integrated Disease Surveillance & Response (eIDSR) systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluence of air pollution on the nonaccidental death before and after the outbreak of COVID-19.
BMC Public Health
November 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Emergency Prevention and Control Technology of Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave. Nanjing, Nanjing, 211166, China.
Article Synopsis
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-therapeutic interventions led to a decrease in air pollutants, but the effect of these changes on nonaccidental death rates had not been deeply studied.
- In Yancheng City, China, researchers used a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to analyze air quality and its impact on death rates from 2013 to 2022, finding significant declines in pollutants like PM, SO, and NO after COVID-19 began.
- The study revealed that an increase in PM levels after COVID-19 correlated with a higher risk of nonaccidental deaths, particularly affecting men, while before the pandemic, multiple pollutants had an impact on cardiovascular-related deaths, with focus shifting mainly to PM after
Incidence and risk factors of antidepressant withdrawal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Mol Psychiatry
October 2024
National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Article Synopsis
- Antidepressants are widely prescribed but can lead to withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, with an overall incidence of 42.9% found in studies analyzed.
- The studies indicated that the incidence of withdrawal symptoms varies by type of antidepressant, with tricyclics showing the highest rates and a general trend of increased withdrawal symptoms with longer treatment durations.
- Strategies like tapering off medication can help reduce withdrawal symptoms, but several risk factors, including age and gender, influence the likelihood of experiencing these symptoms.
Slipping Away: Slippage in Hazard Ratios Over Datacuts and Its Impact on Immuno-oncology Combination Economic Evaluations.
Value Health
October 2024
PenTAG, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK.
Objectives: This study examines the impact of slippage in hazard ratios (tending toward the null over subsequent datacuts) for overall survival for combination treatment with a PD-(L)-1 inhibitor and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in advanced renal cell carcinoma.
Methods: Four trials' Kaplan-Meier curves were digitized over several datacuts and fitted with standard parametric curves. Accuracy and consistency of early data projections were calculated versus observed restricted mean survival time and fitted lifetime survival from the longest follow-up datacut.
Short-term use of an Impella ventricular assist device sterile water-based bicarbonate purge solution for positron emission tomography scanning.
Am J Health Syst Pharm
October 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Care, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Purpose: Impella microaxial ventricular assist devices require a dextrose-based purge solution in combination with heparin or sodium bicarbonate to prevent device dysfunction and stoppage, but the dextrose in these solutions can interfere with positron emission tomography (PET) scans, necessitating an alternative approach.
Summary: We describe the short-term use in 2 cases of an alternative purge solution for patients with an Impella 5.5 ventricular assist device undergoing PET scans to rule out infection and malignancy.
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