Critics claim that patents on genes may lead to very broad monopolies and inhibit further innovation. The European patent system provides efficient legal means to address these issues
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400068 | DOI Listing |
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Proper names-expressions such as "Barack Obama" or "New York"-play a crucial role in the philosophical debate on reference, that is, the relation that allows words to stand for entities of the world. In an elicited production test, Devitt and Porot prompt participants to use proper names to compare the Descriptivist Theory and the Causal-Historical Theory on proper names' reference. According to the Descriptivist Theory, names refer to the entity that fulfills the description that speakers associate with them.
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One of the tenets of a posthuman vision is the eradication of disability through technology. Within this site of 'no future', as Alison Kafer describes, the disabled body is merged with artificial intelligence technology or transformed into a prosthetic superhuman. These imaginative possibilities are materialised in a future-oriented mindset in contemporary technological innovation, including hearing aids and other devices-such as vibrating vests to 'feel sounds' or sign language gloves, what design critic Liz Jackson defines as 'disability dongles'-designed to bypass deafness that simultaneously provide a 'cure' and create a 'post-deaf reality'.
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Yousif et al. (2024) have raised a number of pertinent objections to the idea that number adaptation is a straightforward account of the readily-observable aftereffects that affect perceived numerosity. Their criticisms appear well-motivated, but their particular version of the old-news proposal, involving specific dots, may be insufficiently abstract given that adaptation accumulates.
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