We show that a nominal temperature can be consistently and uniquely defined everywhere in the phase diagram of large classes of nonequilibrium kinetic Ising spin models. In addition, we confirm that, at critical points, the large-time "fluctuation-dissipation ratio" X( infinity ) is a universal amplitude ratio, and find in particular X( infinity ) approximately 0.33(1) and X( infinity )=1 / 2 for the magnetization in, respectively, the two-dimensional Ising and voter universality classes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.267205 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem Lett
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
Continuous production of entropy and the corresponding energy dissipation is a defining characteristic of nonequilibrium systems. When a system's full chemical kinetic description is known, its entropy production rate can be computed from the microscopic rate constants. However, such a calculation typically underestimates energy dissipation when the states of the underlying system are mesoscopic, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.
ConspectusA key challenge in modern chemistry research is to mimic life-like functions using simple molecular networks and the integration of such networks into the first functional artificial cell. Central to this endeavor is the development of signaling elements that can regulate the cell function in time and space by producing entities of code with specific information to induce downstream activity. Such artificial signaling motifs can emerge in nonequilibrium systems, exhibiting complex dynamic behavior like bistability, multistability, oscillations, and chaos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
January 2025
Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Attempts to use colloid science concepts to better understand the dynamic properties of concentrated or crowded protein solutions are challenging due to the fact that globular proteins generally have heterogeneous surfaces that result in anisotropic or patchy contributions to their interaction potential. This is particularly difficult when targeting non-equilibrium transitions such as glass and gel formation in concentrated protein solutions. Here we report a systematic study of the reduced zero shear viscosity of the globular protein -crystallin, an eye lens protein that plays a vital role in vision-related phenomena such as cataract formation or presbyopia, and compare the results to the existing structural and dynamic data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
While most thermostats in molecular dynamics are designed for equilibrium systems, their extension to non-equilibrium simulations has little theoretical justification. In the literature, an artifact referred to as "lane formation" was discovered; however, its cause remained unclear and was simply attributed to a constraint on velocity fluctuations or non-ergodicity in thermostats. In addition, global deterministic thermostatted dynamics was found to exhibit unceasing phase-space compression in steady states, incompatible with their expected stationary distributions and Gibbs entropy, which was mistakenly perceived as inescapable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano Lett
January 2025
National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Rechargeable magnesium ion batteries (RMBs) have drawn extensive attention due to their high theoretical volumetric capacity and low safety hazards. However, divalent Mg ions suffer sluggish mobility in cathodes owing to the high charge density and slow insertion/extraction kinetics. Herein, it is shown that an ultrafast nonequilibrium high-temperature shock (HTS) method with a high heating/quenching rate can instantly introduce oxygen vacancies into the olivine-structured MgFeSiO cathode (MgFeSiO-HTS) in seconds.
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