Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 197
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 197
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 271
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3145
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma derived from neural crest is a peculiar neuroendocrine tumor. It is incidentally found during radiographic studies or due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by frequent ulceration of the overlying mucosa. Most lesions are pedunculated and submucosal with distinctive histology consisting of endocrine cells, ganglion cells and spindle-shaped Schwann cells. We experienced a duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma in a 40-year-old woman presenting with episodes of melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a submucosal ulcerated tumor in the second portion of duodenum and a biopsy confirmed gangliocytic paraganglioma. The tumor was enucleated through a duodenotomy. It's size was 5.5 X 3 X 1.5 cm sized and revealed positive cellular reaction for chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, and neurofilament by immunohistochemistry. The majority of the reported duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma were of benign nature. Therefore, radical surgery or a lymph node dissection could be avoided if that disease was confirmed. However, thorough investigation for lymph node metastasis and postoperative follow-up are needed. We report the first case of a duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma in Korea with a review of literature.
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