The pale aleurone color1 (pac1) locus, required for anthocyanin pigment in the aleurone and scutellum of the Zea mays (maize) seed, was cloned using Mutator transposon tagging. pac1 encodes a WD40 repeat protein closely related to anthocyanin regulatory proteins ANTHOCYANIN11 (AN11) (Petunia hybrida [petunia]) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) (Arabidopsis thaliana). Introduction of a 35S-Pac1 transgene into A. thaliana complemented multiple ttg1 mutant phenotypes, including ones nonexistent in Z. mays. Hybridization of Z. mays genomic BAC clones with the pac1 sequence identified an additional related gene, mp1. PAC1 and MP1 deduced protein sequences were used as queries to build a phylogenetic tree of homologous WD40 repeat proteins, revealing an ancestral gene duplication leading to two clades in plants, the PAC1 clade and the MP1 clade. Subsequent duplications within each clade have led to additional WD40 repeat proteins in particular species, with all mutants defective in anthocyanin expression contained in the PAC1 clade. Substantial differences in pac1, an11, and ttg1 mutant phenotypes suggest the evolutionary divergence of regulatory mechanisms for several traits that cannot be ascribed solely to divergence of the dicot and monocot protein sequences.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.018796 | DOI Listing |
PeerJ
December 2024
Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Background: The reproductive ability of male giant pandas has been a major complicating factor in the conservation of the species. While it is well known that the testis produces sperm and secretes androgens, a process that requires precise regulation of various proteins, at present, there has been no systematic study on the composition of proteins in the testis of the giant pandas. Therefore, this study aims to apply proteomics to explore the regulation of proteins in the testes of giant pandas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Cancer Res
November 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China.
Elevated subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese men correlates strongly with a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer and poor treatment outcomes, but the exact mechanism underlying the increased risk remains elusive. To address this question, we analyzed prostate cancer transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas as well as single-cell RNA sequencing and tissue microarray data from prostate cancer cells. Subcutaneous adipose tissue-associated cysteine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer epithelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinins compromises the efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs), the global first-line malaria treatment. Artemisinin resistance is a complex genetic trait in which nonsynonymous SNPs in PfK13 cooperate with other genetic variations. Here, we present population genomic/transcriptomic analyses of P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol Biochem
November 2024
College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China. Electronic address:
Ubiquitination is the specific modification of target proteins in cells by ubiquitin molecules, which is under the action of a series of special enzymes such as ubiquitin-activating enzymes, binding, and ligase enzymes. Ubiquitination plays an essential role in anthocyanin accumulation in plants. There are few studies on the coloring of pear peel by ubiquitin ligase E3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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