In mid-2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that some six million people with HIV/AIDS in developing countries are currently in need of life-sustaining antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, but that only 230,000 have access to these medicines, half of whom live in one country, Brazil. The WHO believes that, with a concerted international effort to expand access to HIV treatment and care, three million people could have access to ARVs by the end of 2005. A number of recent initiatives provide some useful tools toward reaching this goal.
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Review of Childhood Mortality Pattern at the Paediatric Unit of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria.
West Afr J Med
September 2024
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti. Email: Tel: +2348035741951.
Background: The vital statistics in the third world countries are poor and have witnessed minimal improvement over the years with childhood mortality in Nigeria remaining one of the highest among the developing countries despite various child survival programmes. Child survival strategies can only be efficient if the major reasons for morbidity are known. The objective of this retrospective study was to review the patterns of childhood mortality at the emergency room of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti (FETHI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient diagnosis of diabetes mellitus using an improved ensemble method.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Engineering, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada.
Diabetes is a growing health concern in developing countries, causing considerable mortality rates. While machine learning (ML) approaches have been widely used to improve early detection and treatment, several studies have shown low classification accuracies due to overfitting, underfitting, and data noise. This research employs parallel and sequential ensemble ML approaches paired with feature selection techniques to boost classification accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancing food and nutrition security in Himalayan foothills with neglected and underutilized millets.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Asian Development Bank Institute, Research, Tokyo, 100-6008, Japan.
Global food production predominantly depends on a limited number of cereal crops; however, numerous other crops have the potential to support the nutrition and economy of many local communities in developing countries. The different crop species characterized as having relatively low perceived economic importance or agricultural significance are known as underutilized crops. Millet is one of the underutilized crops with significant potential to address nutrient and hunger-related challenges in many developing countries like Nepal due to its versatility and climate resilience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiological status, development trends, and risk factors of disability-adjusted life years due to diabetic kidney disease: A systematic analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Chin Med J (Engl)
January 2025
Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
Background: Approximately 40% of individuals with diabetes worldwide are at risk of developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is not only the leading cause of kidney failure, but also significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, causing significant societal health and financial burdens. This study aimed to describe the burden of DKD and explore its cross-country epidemiological status, predict development trends, and assess its risk factors and sociodemographic transitions.
Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2021, data on DKD due to type 1 diabetes (DKD-T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (DKD-T2DM) were analyzed by sex, age, year, and location.
Adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in high compared to low TB burden countries: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis with a qualitative meta-synthesis of themes.
BMJ Open
January 2025
Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Introduction: Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment poses a significant challenge to effective TB management globally and is a major contributor to the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Although adherence to TB treatment has been widely studied, a comprehensive evaluation of the comparative levels of adherence in high- versus low-TB burden settings remains lacking. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the levels of adherence to TB treatment in high-TB burden countries compared to low-burden countries.
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