A microcomputer program is presented which analyses multiple-dose pharmacokinetic curves using either a least-squares nonlinear analysis or a bayesian fit. The least-squares subroutine is designed to fit retrospective pharmacokinetic curves and can generate the so-called population pharmacokinetic parameters using the Standard Two-Stage method. The bayesian subroutine can instead be used prospectively to individualise the dosage regimen of a patient based on the concentrations measured in the initial phases of the drug treatment. All the pharmacokinetic subroutines of the program use the one-compartment model with either constant-rate intravenous infusion or oral route with zero-order absorption. The program was tested in a series of ten bone marrow transplantation patients treated with cyclosporine. The least-squares estimates of the one-compartment parameters, calculated by the program, were compared with those generated by the SIMKIN program.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(92)90072-f | DOI Listing |
Detecting low birth weight is crucial for early identification of at-risk pregnancies which are associated with significant neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality risks. This study presents an efficient and interpretable framework for unsupervised detection of low, very low, and extreme birth weights. While traditional approaches to managing class imbalance require labeled data, our study explores the use of unsupervised learning to detect anomalies indicative of low birth weight scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Drug Investig
January 2025
Cali Biosciences, US, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
Background And Objective: There is a significant medical need for improved long-acting local anesthetics to decrease postsurgical pain and reduce postoperative opioid use. While ropivacaine is considered a safer local anesthetic than bupivacaine, no long-acting ropivacaine formulation is currently marketed. Available formulations of bupivacaine show inconsistent pharmacokinetics (PK) among different surgical models, and inconsistency in PK may lead to a reluctance to use the medication owing to fear of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) or unreliable efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Anesthesiology
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Tranexamic acid is an anti-fibrinolytic agent routinely used during hip and knee joint replacement surgery to minimize bleeding. Chronic kidney disease is a common chronic health problem seen among adults requiring major arthroplasty surgery. Tranexamic acid is renally cleared and may accumulate in chronic kidney disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Infect Dis
January 2025
ViiV Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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