To assess the severity of substance use, abuse and dependence in a community sample of high school students, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in a suburban New Jersey community. Participants, a sample of 9th to 12th graders from six high schools (N=1044), completed a self-administered questionnaire after obtaining active parental consent. The measure of substance use disorders was based on 27 specially designed questions that approximate the DSM-IV criteria for abuse and dependence. Equivalent multivariate logit models were used to estimate the significant correlates for both use and dependence/abuse. The prevalence of drug use in this sample was similar to the national average for all drugs except alcohol. A total of 16.4% of the surveyed students reported either abuse or dependence symptoms with alcohol in the past year. The rates of abuse/dependence for marijuana and other illicit drugs were 13.4% and 3.9%. The rate of nicotine dependence was 8.0%. The logit models designed to examine the correlates of substance use showed minimal predictive or correlative value in explaining substance abuse or dependence in adolescence. More research is needed to identify and understand the factors leading adolescents from drug use to abuse or dependence.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.013 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Recent research has identified sex-dependent links between risk taking behaviors, approach-avoidance bias and alcohol intake. However, preclinical studies have typically assessed alcohol drinking using a singular dimension of intake (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Alcohol Depend
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States; Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), Connecticut Mental Health Center (CMHC), New Haven, CT, United States. Electronic address:
Background: Tobacco smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death, whereas chronic pain is the leading cause of disability. Chronic pain and tobacco smoking are closely interrelated. We investigated whether pain predicts daily cigarette smoking and if daily cigarette smoking predicts the development of pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHague J Rule Law
March 2024
Department of Constitutional Law and Political Science, Faculty of Law, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Judges play a key role in the implementation of transitional justice mechanisms. Yet, less attention has been paid so far to the question of how to address their collaboration with non-democratic regimes. In theory, judges can be subjected to virtually all transitional justice mechanisms ranging from criminal prosecution and lustration to truth-seeking, or even amnesties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common cerebral incidences worldwide. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries occurring, for example, in athletes or victims of abuse, can cause chronic neurodegeneration due to neuroinflammation, in which the crosstalk between reactive astrocytes and activated microglia is crucial for modulating neuronal damage. The inducible enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and its product carbon monoxide are known to be ascribed neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
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