To test theories of explicit memory in amnesia, we examined the effect of hypoxia on memory performance in a group of 56 survivors of sudden cardiac arrest. Structural equation modeling revealed that a single-factor explanation of recall and recognition was insufficient to account for performance, thus contradicting single-process models of explicit memory. A dual-process model of recall in which two processes (e.g., declarative memory and controlled search) contribute to recall performance, whereas only one process (e.g., declarative memory) underlies recognition performance, also failed to explain the results adequately. In contrast, a dual-process model of recognition provided an acceptable account of the data. In this model, two processes--recollection and familiarity--underlie recognition memory, whereas only the recollection process contributes to free recall. The best-fitting model was one in which hypoxia and aging led to deficits in recollection, but left familiarity unaffected. Moreover, a controlled search process was correlated with recollection, but was not associated with familiarity or the severity of hypoxia. The results support models of explicit memory in which recollection depends on the hippocampus and frontal lobes, whereas familiarity-based recognition relies on other brain regions.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.09.008DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

explicit memory
16
recall recognition
8
theories explicit
8
memory
8
models explicit
8
dual-process model
8
declarative memory
8
controlled search
8
memory recollection
8
recall
5

Similar Publications

Tonal short-term memory has been positively associated with both incidentally acquired absolute pitch memory (e.g., for popular songs) and explicitly learned absolute pitch (AP) categories; however, the relationship between these constructs has not been directly tested within the same individuals.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cognitive mechanisms of aversive prediction error-induced memory enhancements.

J Exp Psychol Gen

January 2025

Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universitat Hamburg.

While prediction errors (PEs) have long been recognized as critical in associative learning, emerging evidence indicates their significant role in episodic memory formation. This series of four experiments sought to elucidate the cognitive mechanisms underlying the enhancing effects of PEs related to aversive events on memory for surrounding neutral events. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether these PE effects are specific to predictive stimuli preceding the PE or if PEs create a transient window of enhanced, unselective memory formation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Faster implicit motor sequence learning of new sequences compatible in terms of movement transitions.

NPJ Sci Learn

January 2025

Department of Neurotechnology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.

New information that is compatible with pre-existing knowledge can be learned faster. Such schema memory effect has been reported in declarative memory and in explicit motor sequence learning (MSL). Here, we investigated if sequences of key presses that were compatible to previously trained ones, could be learned faster in an implicit MSL task.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Novel Perspectives for Sensory Analysis Applied to Piperaceae and Aromatic Herbs: A Pilot Study.

Foods

January 2025

Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.

Spices and aromatic herbs are important components of everyday nutrition in several countries and cultures, thanks to their capability to enhance the flavor of many dishes and convey significant emotional contributions by themselves. Indeed, spices as well as aromatic herbs are to be considered not only for their important values of antimicrobial agents or flavor enhancers everybody knows, but also, thanks to their olfactory and gustatory spectrum, as drivers to stimulate the consumers' memories and, in a stronger way, emotions. Considering these unique characteristics, spices and aromatic herbs have caught the attention of consumer scientists and experts in sensory analysis for their evaluation using semi-quantitative approaches, with interesting evidence.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Contextual cues can be used to predict the likelihood of and reduce interference from salient distractors.

Atten Percept Psychophys

January 2025

Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

Our attention can sometimes be disrupted by salient but irrelevant objects in the environment. This distractor interference can be reduced when distractors appear frequently, allowing us to anticipate their presence. However, it remains unknown whether distractor frequency can be learned implicitly across distinct contexts.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!