Retrosternal goiters still pose a problem to expert endocrine surgeons. Whether surgery should be the treatment of choice or not remains controversial because of hypothetical increased morbidity rates associated with the surgical approach. Eighty-three patients were retrospectively reviewed for anesthetic risk, fibrobronchoscopic guidance for intubation, surgical technique, mortality and morbidity rates, and pathological findings. We found 6.09% of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I, 41.46% of ASA II, 40.24% of ASA III, and 12.19% of ASA IV risk. Twelve patients (14.45%) required fibrobronchoscopic guidance for intubation. Only one patient required a sternotomy. No mortality occurred. Seven patients (8.43%) had major complications, but there were no instances of permanent recurrent laryngeal palsy or hypocalcemia. Pathological examination revealed 9.63% incidence of malignancy. Surgery should be the treatment of choice for retrosternal goiters because there is a significant incidence of malignancy and an acceptable morbidity rate.
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