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Lack of Detection of Norwalk Virus in Saliva Samples From a Controlled Human Infection Model.
Open Forum Infect Dis
November 2024
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Following recent reports of norovirus replication in salivary gland cells, we examined whether the prototype norovirus strain, Norwalk virus (GI.1), could be detected in the saliva of 21 experimentally infected persons. Viral RNA was not detected in saliva 2 and 7 days after challenge despite high levels being present in feces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFINTRA- AND INTER-HOST EVOLUTION OF HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN HEALTHY ADULTS.
bioRxiv
September 2024
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Background: Human noroviruses are a leading cause of acute and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. The evolution of human noroviruses in immunocompromised persons has been evaluated in many studies. Much less is known about the evolutionary dynamics of human norovirus in healthy adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrelation of Genogroup I, Genotype 1 (GI.1) Norovirus Neutralizing Antibody Levels With GI.1 Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Blocking Antibody Levels.
J Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Background: The in vitro cultivation of human noroviruses allows a comparison of antibody levels measured in neutralization and histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking assays.
Methods: Serum samples collected during the evaluation of an investigational norovirus vaccine (HIL-214 [formerly TAK-214]) were assayed for neutralizing antibody levels against the vaccine's prototype Norwalk virus/genogroup I, genotype 1 (GI.1) (P1) virus strain.
Divergent responses of human intestinal organoid monolayers using commercial in vitro cytotoxicity assays.
PLoS One
June 2024
Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
In vitro models, such as primary cells and continuous cell lines routinely used for evaluating drug candidates, have limitations in their translational relevance to human diseases. Organotypic cultures are increasingly being used to assess therapeutics for various cancers and infectious diseases. Monitoring drug cytotoxicity in cell cultures is crucial in drug development, and several commercially available kits for cytotoxicity assessment offer distinct advantages and limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOutpatient COVID-19 convalescent plasma recipient antibody thresholds correlated to reduced hospitalizations within a randomized trial.
JCI Insight
March 2024
W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
BACKGROUNDCOVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) virus-specific antibody levels that translate into recipient posttransfusion antibody levels sufficient to prevent disease progression are not defined.METHODSThis secondary analysis correlated donor and recipient antibody levels to hospitalization risk among unvaccinated, seronegative CCP recipients within the outpatient, double-blind, randomized clinical trial that compared CCP to control plasma. The majority of COVID-19 CCP arm hospitalizations (15/17, 88%) occurred in this unvaccinated, seronegative subgroup.
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