Home mechanical ventilation for restrictive thoracic diseases: effects on patient quality-of-life and hospitalizations.

Forty-five patients with restrictive respiratory diseases, including thoracic wall diseases (TWD, n = 27) and neuromuscular diseases (NMD, n = 18), underwent 18 months of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) treatment. Treatment consisted of a two-level pressure system for 7h at night, with oxygen available if needed. Questionnaire-based assessments of health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) were evaluated before treatment and at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months of follow-up. Hospitalization rates pre- and post-treatment were recorded, and the numbers need to treat (NNT) to avoid hospitalization and absolute risk reduction (ARR) rates were calculated. Several categories of HRQL, including physical function and vitality, improved significantly with treatment in both groups of patients; these improvements persisted over the entire 18 months. In contrast, other categories such as social function and mental health improved initially and declined subsequently. Hospitalizations decreased significantly with treatment. NNT calculations indicated that treatment would be needed for two TWD patients (ARR 63%) and one NMD patient (ARR 78%) to prevent one hospitalization per year per disease group. We conclude that improved quality-of-life and decreased hospitalizations make home non-invasive mechanical ventilation an useful treatment for patients with restrictive respiratory disorders.