OBJECTIVE: To present an update and systematic review of the basis of nutritional support in pediatrics, emphasizing the importance of nutrition in critically ill patient. METHODS: Relevant studies were selected from databases (Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, etc.). Textbooks and theses were analyzed, and the authors personal experience was also considered. RESULTS: Nutritional therapy is part of the treatment. In order to reach the objective, it is important to determine specific nutritional requirements of water, calories, proteins, macro and micronutrients. So, nutritional evaluation should consist of clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory assessment, so that the best nutritional therapy (parenteral and/or enteral) is chosen. Patient monitoring is also indicated in order to prevent complications. CONCLUSION: Nutritional therapy is essential for the treatment. When well indicated and well monitored, it helps in the patient s recovery, and in the decrease of morbidity and mortality.
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