Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an indispensable growth factor for myeloma cells. The heterogeneity of myeloma cells are the characteristics of MM, categorized into five sub-populations, two immature cells, MPC-1
-CD49e
-CD45
+/-, intermediate cells, MPC-1
+CD49e
-CD45
+/-, and mature cells, MPC-1
+CD49e
+CD45
+. Only MPC-1
-CD49e
-CD45
+immature cells (∼2% of total myeloma cells) respond to IL-6 to proliferate. CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase is the determinant of IL-6 dependent cell growth of myeloma cells, although well studied IL-6 signal transducing factors, such as, IL-6Ra, gp130, Jak2, STAT3, and MAPK, are activated and involved in the process. Immature CD45
-cells converted to CD45
+cells after IL-6 stimulation both in U266 cells and sorted myeloma cells from the bone marrow aspirates of MM patients. CD45
-cells are relatively resistant to serum starvation compared to CD45
+cells. Because IL-6 level in the bone marrow is low even in MM patients, the CD45
-phenotype of myeloma cells may protect the cells from apoptosis. These findings of a tuning effect of CD45 on myeloma cell proliferation may aid the study of IL-6 dependent proliferation of myeloma cells and lead to the development of new therapies for MM patients.
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