The heel stick procedure is the most common painful procedure performed in preterm and full-term neonates. Various nonpharmacologic interventions have been used for pain relief. However, the magnitude of the effect of different interventions has received little attention. In this study, 4 eligible studies conducted in Thailand, focusing on the effects of interventions on pain responses to heel stick procedure in neonates, were obtained for analysis. Swaddling in full-term newborns was found to have the largest mean effect size (dmn = 0.79). However, the moderate-to-large effect sizes (dmn = 0.5-0.75) of positioning in preterm newborns tended to exist throughout the poststick period while the effect sizes of other interventions decreased over time. The effect sizes of these interventions for physiological responses varied.
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Article Synopsis
- Small infants in the NICU face many painful and stressful stimuli, making it crucial to find effective ways to alleviate their pain during medical procedures.* -
- A review of 27 studies found that interventions like sucrose, skin-to-skin care, and facilitated tucking can reduce pain during certain procedures, but these methods were not effective for pain management during retinopathy of prematurity exams.* -
- The findings suggest healthcare providers should implement nonpharmacological interventions to minimize pain in NICU procedures, while further research is needed to understand pain responses in very premature infants.*
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