A waste revolution, potentially greater in impact than the changes in clinical waste disposal practices in the 1990s, is just over the horizon. There are many new initiatives and regulations relating to waste, its production, recycling and disposal. This article focuses on hazardous waste, a new category of waste with a much broader scope than the current special waste category. The volume of waste to be categorised as hazardous is expected to triple. One of the major reasons for change has occurred due to a long-running battle between the UK and other EU members about whether co-disposal of inert, biodegradable and hazardous waste in landfill sites is environmentally acceptable. The UK argued that co-disposal was acceptable but lost the argument. Consequently from July 2004 the EU Landfill Directive banning co-disposal will come into effect. According to the Government, this will mean that only 14 of the 182 commercial landfills that currently accept hazardous waste will continue to do so after July 2004. The expectation is that hazardous waste, such as electronic equipment, will require pre-treatment before landfilling. Meanwhile the landfill tax is expected to rise from 13 Pounds per tonne in 2002-03 to approximately 35 Pounds per tonne by 2007. In the near future, more waste will be classified as hazardous, it will cost much more to dispose of, waste management practices will need to change and the risk of breaking the law will increase. This article explains the actions that should be considered now to avoid chaos as the revolution takes place.
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Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
The widespread adoption of electronic devices has enhanced living standards but has also led to a surge in electronic waste (e-waste), creating serious environmental and health challenges. Although various methods exist to recover valuable metals from e-waste, each has notable drawbacks. Among these, chemical leaching with aqua regia is widely used but is both highly corrosive and hazardous.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China. Electronic address:
The efficacy of traceability analysis is often limited by a lack of information on influencing factors for heavy metal (HM) contaminations in soil, such as spatial correlations between HM concentrations and influencing factors. To overcome this limitation, a novel data-driven framework was established to identify influencing factors for soil HM concentrations in an industrialised study area, in Guangdong Province, China, mainly using random forest (RF) and bivariate local Moran's I (BLMI) on the basis of the 577 soil samples and the 18 environmental covariates. The quantitative contributions of the 18 influencing factors for the Cd, As, Pb, and Cr concentrations were determined by the optimised RF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFE-waste contains hazardous chemicals that may be a direct health risk for workers involved in recycling. We conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine samples collected from male e-waste processing workers to explore metabolic changes associated with chemical exposures in e-waste recycling in Belgium, Finland, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal. Questionnaire data and urine samples were obtained from workers involved in the processing of e-waste (sorting, dismantling, shredding, pre-processing, metal, and non-metal processing), as well as from controls with no known occupational exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
January 2025
Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil. Electronic address:
Transforming lignocellulosic biomass waste into value-added materials like porous carbons offers a sustainable and increasingly important solution for its efficient management within a circular economy framework. Although the heteroatom-doping process enhances oxygen- or nitrogen-containing functionalities on porous carbons, it often leads to losses in structural integrity and other key functionalities. This study presents a novel protocol to produce N-doped porous carbons that efficiently introduces nitrogen groups while improving surface area, microporosity definition and the concentration of oxygen-containing functionalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti, University, G.C., Evin, 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
One of the best and most advanced methods for disposal of urban, hospital, industrial, and other hazardous waste is to convert waste into combustible gases in reactors based on plasma arc technology. Also used for renewable energy generation, this technology involves thermal treatment without a combustion process; therefore, the waste is completely decomposed into simple molecules in a near vacuum environment almost devoid of Oxygen at elevated temperatures. The present research uses a thermal transferred arc plasma reactor to conduct a feasibility study on the pyrolysis of three types of wastes: Antar, Orthotoluenediamine (OTD), and Tar.
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