Posttraumatic disablement: a prospective study of impairment, disability, and handicap.

This study was designed to evaluate both the frequency and the course of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps resulting from trauma. It was conducted in Aquitaine, France, on a sample of 1005 trauma patients (mean ISS, 10.5 +/- 0.3) in which severe trauma (ISS > 25) was rather overrepresented (169 of 1005). A prospective follow-up of disablement according to the WHO classification was based on medical examinations performed 6 and 12 months after the trauma. Of 664 survivors reviewed at 6 months, the findings were cross tabulated with Injury Severity Score (ISS) and age. There was a good relationship between ISS and the mean length of stay in the hospital (r = 0.46; p < 0.001), the duration of rehabilitation, and the time away from work or school. Out of this sample of 1005 patients with rather major injuries, 73% of the survivors suffered from at least one impairment, with a consistently lower frequency in children whatever the severity. At least one disability was encountered in 52.3% of these patients depending on both ISS and age. Handicap was noted in at least 26% of the cases. Between the sixth month and the end of the first year, the minimal handicap regression was 35.8%, whereas the minimal regression of the disability rate was 19.5%. The best improvement was observed essentially in the low ISS categories. Whereas for minor trauma the course of disablement seems to be fixed 1 year after the injury, such is not the case for severe trauma.