The gene encoding the natural ligand of murine glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) was cloned and characterized. The putative GITR ligand (GITRL) is composed of 173 amino acids with features resembling those of type II membrane proteins and is 51% identical to the human activation-inducible TNF receptor (AITR) ligand, TL6. Expression of the GITRL is restricted to immature and mature splenic dendritic cells. GITRL binds GITR expressed on HEK 293 cells and triggers NF-kappaB activation. Functional studies reveal that soluble CD8-GITRL prevents CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell-mediated suppressive activities.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364026 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Exploring the Role of GITR/GITRL Signaling: From Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Cancers (Basel)
July 2024
First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Article Synopsis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading type of primary liver cancer, with increasing incidence and high mortality rates, and there are currently limited curative treatment options available despite advances in diagnosis and therapy.
- Recent advances in understanding the tumor microenvironment have brought attention to immunotherapy as a promising approach for treating advanced HCC, although only a small number of patients benefit from existing solutions.
- The glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) shows potential as a therapeutic target for HCC due to its role in enhancing T-cell function and inhibiting regulatory T-cells, along with evidence suggesting it may aid in anti-tumor effects and liver regeneration.
Immune checkpoint expression as prognostic biomarker candidates in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients.
J Surg Oncol
September 2024
Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Cancer immunotherapy has had an important role in oncologic therapeutics for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using checkpoint inhibitors. We will explore the possible prognosis biomarker candidates such as: soluble OX40 (sOX40), OX40L (sOX40L), Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related receptor (GITR), and their ligand (GITRL), 4-1BB or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9 (TNFRS9) and inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients.
Methods: Fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with advanced NSCLC between January 2019 and March 2020.
Transcriptomic analysis of GITR and GITR ligand reveals cancer immune heterogeneity with implications for GITR targeting.
Am J Cancer Res
April 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego La Jolla, CA, The United States.
Article Synopsis
- GITR is a protein found mostly on special immune cells called Tregs and helps them fight tumors, but so far it hasn't worked well in human trials.
- A study looked at the levels of GITR and its partner GITR-L in cancer patients, finding that many with breast and lung cancer had high GITR levels but lower GITR-L levels.
- Results suggest that patients with high GITR might benefit from treatments that target other immune proteins like CTLA4 and PD-L1 together with GITR to enhance their cancer fighting abilities.
Expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Cancer Immunol Immunother
May 2024
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
Background: Advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches only had a modest impact on the therapy of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNENs). Our multicenter study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade LNENs.
Methods: The expressions of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), OX40L, Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry in surgically resected tumor samples of 26 atypical carcinoid (AC), 49 large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer (LCNEC), and 66 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients.
A GITRL-mTORC1-GM-CSF Positive Loop Promotes Pathogenic Th17 Response in Primary Sjögren Syndrome.
Arthritis Rheumatol
September 2024
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Objective: Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily-related protein (GITR), with its ligand (GITRL), plays an important role in CD4 T cell-mediated autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of GITRL in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).
Methods: Patients with pSS and healthy controls were recruited.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!