Postoperative ICU management in liver transplant patients.

The unique pathophysiology of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) has important implications on critical care treatment after liver transplantation. To determine hemodynamic parameters and responses, each patient must be carefully evaluated for the individual clinical appearance of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Although data are limited, recent progress in the treatment of ESLD and its complications, such as hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), portopulmonary hypertension (PPH), and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is evident. The improved understanding of the pathophysiology of ESLD has resulted in novel treatments and approaches to the problems that emerge as patients get critically ill or undergo orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). These issues become much more relevant with increased adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation, where the scheduled operation allows a precise preoperative management in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU).