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Epigenetic landscape reorganisation and reactivation of embryonic development genes are associated with malignancy in IDH-mutant astrocytoma.
Acta Neuropathol
October 2024
Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
- Accurate grading of IDH-mutant gliomas is crucial for predicting patient outcomes and selecting treatment strategies, yet histological grading remains difficult, with limited molecular markers available.
- Researchers performed RNA-sequencing on 138 IDH-mutant astrocytomas from the CATNON trial and analyzed multi-omics data to create a Continuous Grading Coefficient (CGC), which proved to be a better survival predictor than current grading systems.
- The study identified four distinct transcriptional clusters linked to various gene expression patterns, revealing that higher-grade IDH-mutant astrocytomas exhibit DNA-methylation signatures correlated with increased cell cycling, tumor de-differentiation, and changes in the extracellular matrix.
The human milk oligosaccharide 3'sialyllactose reduces low-grade inflammation and atherosclerosis development in mice.
JCI Insight
November 2024
Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.
Macrophages contribute to the induction and resolution of inflammation and play a central role in chronic low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex unconjugated glycans unique to human milk that benefit infant health and act as innate immune modulators. Here, we identify the HMO 3'sialyllactose (3'SL) as a natural inhibitor of TLR4-induced low-grade inflammation in macrophages and endothelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAI-based automation of enrollment criteria and endpoint assessment in clinical trials in liver diseases.
Nat Med
October 2024
PathAI, Boston, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Clinical trials for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) need accurate histologic scoring to assess participants and outcomes, but varying interpretations have affected results.
- - The AI-based tool AIM-MASH showed strong consistency and agreement with expert pathologists in scoring MASH histology, achieving accuracy comparable to that of average pathologists.
- - AIM-MASH demonstrated a strong ability to predict patient outcomes, correlating well with pathologist scores and noninvasive biomarkers, indicating it could enhance the efficiency and reliability of clinical trials for MASH.
Association of Ground-Glass Opacities with Systemic Inflammation and Progression of Emphysema.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
December 2024
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine.
Ground-glass opacities (GGOs) in the absence of interstitial lung disease are understudied. To assess the association of GGOs with white blood cells (WBCs) and progression of quantified chest computed tomography emphysema. We analyzed data of participants in the SPIROMICS study (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFX-ray fluorescence analysis of three late medieval silver chalices associated with Ireland.
Herit Sci
April 2024
Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12R5CP Ireland.
Unlabelled: This paper presents the results of the first X-ray fluorescence (XRF) investigation conducted on three late medieval chalices associated with Ireland: the Ó Learghusa chalice, auctioned as medieval Irish in 2021, does not have a confirmed provenance; the de Burgo-O'Malley chalice, dated 1494, and the TP-IEP chalice, dated 1589, both of Irish provenance. This study effectively addressed the knowledge gap concerning Irish medieval silver chalices composition. The analysis revealed that both the Ó Learghusa and de Burgo-O'Malley chalices were crafted from a silver-copper alloy and adorned using a fire-gilding technique.
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