The review article covers advances of chiral drugs analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods achieved during last 10 years. Emphasis is given to various aspects of influence of biological matrix in pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, HPLC analysis. Discussed is composition of main biological matrices from the point of view of potential interferences to above-mentioned fields of study. Beside typical analytical approaches to chiral recognition in HPLC, sample pretreatment and/or clean-up by conventional extraction procedures, column switching (CSW) techniques using restricted access materials (RAMs), microdialysis (MCD) is discussed. Measurement of unbound drug concentration and discussion of column maintenance and remedy is an additional source of information and field where knowledge on complex properties and interactions of biological matrix is usefully applicable.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.07.018 | DOI Listing |
Bull Math Biol
January 2025
Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA.
Immune events such as infection, vaccination, and a combination of the two result in distinct time-dependent antibody responses in affected individuals. These responses and event prevalence combine non-trivially to govern antibody levels sampled from a population. Time-dependence and disease prevalence pose considerable modeling challenges that need to be addressed to provide a rigorous mathematical underpinning of the underlying biology.
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January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
Over the past decade, fentanyl-type new psychoactive substances (F-NPS) have emerged as the most representative synthetic opioids in third-generation drugs. These substances are characterized by their "low" fatal dose and parent drug levels in biological matrices, "fast" rates of derivatization and metabolism, and "many" derivatization sites and analogs. The low levels of parent fentanyl NPS in biological matrices complicate their detection, necessitating the use of characteristic metabolites as biomarkers for forensic analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) involves neurodegenerative disorders with progressive cognitive decline. Atypical presentations like Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) and Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA) exhibit distinct clinical profiles. PCA affects the posterior parietal and occipital lobes, causing visuospatial deficits, while lvPPA manifests as language impairment in the temporoparietal region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Background: The accumulation of misfolded tau proteins, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmark, starts decades before the emergence of cognitive decline and clinical diagnosis. Autopsy studies support a predictable progression of tau pathology through large-scale systems. However, less is known about the specific progression patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
Human cells generate a bulk of aldehydes during lipid peroxidation (LPO), influencing critical cellular processes, such as oxidative stress, protein modification, and DNA damage. Enals, highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehydic metabolites, are implicated in various human pathologies, especially neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite their importance, endogenous enals remain poorly characterized, primarily due to their instability and low abundance.
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