The in vitro settlement assay using cyprids of Balanus. amphitrite is an important tool in basic and applied research. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of gregariousness within these assays, and to determine the interaction between gregariousness and container size, and settlement promoters and inhibitors. Assays with 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 cyprids in containers with a log range of surface area to volume ratios were conducted in a fully factorial design. Assays with the same range of cyprid numbers and six concentrations of the settlement promoter 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) or the inhibitor phloroglucinol were also conducted in a fully factorial design. Percentage settlement was analysed by GLM ANOVA. Significant (p < 0.05) gregarious effects were detected at > or = 5 cyprids in a well. Surface area:volume ratio had a strong effect on cyprid settlement, but this effect could be masked by overcrowding in very small wells. Gregarious interactions between only five cyprids magnified the effect of IBMX by a factor of 10, whereas phloroglucinol had no effect without gregarious interactions. The cyprid settlement bioassay is a valuable tool for basic and applied research but must be used with care.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0892701031000101502 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Transcriptomic analysis of sexually dimorphic cypris larvae of the rhizocephalan barnacle Peltogasterella gracilis.
Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics
December 2024
Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-nishi 630-8506, Nara, Japan.
Peltogasterella gracilis (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala), a crustacean parasite of hermit crabs, displays genotypic sex determination. Its larvae are planktonic, and female larvae settle on the host. Subsequently, the females control the host's behavior by spreading a root-like structure called "the interna" within the host's body, and form sacs containing eggs called "the externae" outside the host's body.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructure-Functional Activity of Pyrone Derivatives for Inhibition of Barnacle Settlement and Biofilm Formation.
Mar Biotechnol (NY)
October 2024
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
Naturally occurring 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one and its synthetic analogues greatly inhibit the settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids and the growth and biofilm formation of marine bacteria. To optimize the antifouling activities of pyrone derivatives, this study designed pyrone analogues by modifying functional groups, such as the benzyl group, cyclopentane, and halides, substituted on both sides of a pyrone. The antifouling effects of the synthesized pyrone derivatives were subsequently evaluated against five marine biofilm-forming bacteria, Loktanella hongkongensis, Staphylococcus cohnii, S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew genes helped acorn barnacles adapt to a sessile lifestyle.
Nat Genet
May 2024
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Barnacles are the only sessile lineages among crustaceans, and their sessile life begins with the settlement of swimming larvae (cyprids) and the formation of protective shells. These processes are crucial for adaptation to a sessile lifestyle, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. While investigating these mechanisms in the acorn barnacle, Amphibalanus amphitrite, we discovered a new gene, bcs-6, which is involved in the energy metabolism of cyprid settlement and originated from a transposon by acquiring the promoter and cis-regulatory element.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid discovery of a new antifoulant: From in silico studies targeting barnacle chitin synthase to efficacy against barnacle settlement.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
April 2024
State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. Electronic address:
Due to the adverse environmental impacts of toxic heavy metal-based antifoulants, the screening of environmentally friendly antifoulants has become important for the development of marine antifouling technology. Compared with the traditional lengthy and costly screening method, computer-aided drug design (CADD) offers a promising and efficient solution that can accelerate the screening process of green antifoulants. In this study, we selected barnacle chitin synthase (CHS, an important enzyme for barnacle settlement and development) as the target protein for docking screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of natural resveratrol multimers as marine antifoulants.
Biofouling
November 2023
Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the antifouling effects of three polyphenolic resveratrol multimers, isolated from Papua New Guinean rainforest species, against marine microfoulers and barnacle larva settlements.
- Two compounds, (-)-hopeaphenol and vaticanol B, showed strong inhibition of barnacle larvae metamorphosis and were effective at low concentrations, particularly (-)-hopeaphenol which also inhibited microalgal and bacterial adhesion.
- In comparison, resveratrol itself had lower antifouling effectiveness and higher toxicity against certain cell lines, highlighting the potential for natural products to provide safer alternatives for antifouling agents.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!