Background: It has been suggested that the light-enhanced startle paradigm (LES) is an animal model for anxiety, because of the unconditioned and nonspecific cue and the long-term effect. In contrast, the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) is suggested to model fear. In the present study, we assessed in detail the time course of LES and FPS and investigated whether corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is differentially involved in these two models.
Methods: In experiment 1, the amplitude of the startle response was tracked in the presence of the light and after light offset, in both models. In experiment 2, the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of the CRH-receptor antagonist alpha-helical CRH (0, 1, 5, and 25 microg) on LES and FPS were studied.
Results: In LES, light onset resulted in a long-lasting potentiation of the startle response and a slow return to baseline after light offset. In FPS, the potentiation of the startle response returned to baseline almost immediately after light offset. Alpha-helical CRH reduced the potentiation in LES at the 5-microg dose but not at 25 microg. In FPS, alpha-helical CRH had no effect.
Conclusions: The results show that the time course of LES is markedly different from that of FPS, which together with the differences in eliciting stimuli suggest that they model anxiety and fear, respectively. Moreover, the results suggest that CRH is involved in LES and not in FPS.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00468-2 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Autism Spectrum and gastrointestinal health: Screening on the influence of environmental factors on gastrointestinal problems.
Autism Res
December 2024
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that combines genetic and environmental factors. The human microbiota is colonized by permanent or transitory microorganisms, depending on the host and the external factors controlling their permanence. The composition of the gut microbiota (GM) in ASD individuals is notably different from that in controls, which may contribute to the clinical conditions observed in these individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrogen, Oxygen, and Lead Adsorbates on AlCo(100): Accurate Potential Energy Surfaces at Low Computational Cost by Machine Learning and DFT-Based Data.
J Chem Theory Comput
August 2024
Univ. de Lorraine, CNRS UMR7198, Institut Jean Lamour, Campus Artem, 2 allée André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, France.
Intermetallic compounds are promising materials in numerous fields, especially those involving surface interactions, such as catalysis. A key factor to investigate their surface properties lies in adsorption energy maps, typically built using first-principles approaches. However, exploring the adsorption energy landscapes of intermetallic compounds can be cumbersome, usually requiring huge computational resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-Time Pipe and Valve Characterisation and Mapping for Autonomous Underwater Intervention Tasks.
Sensors (Basel)
October 2022
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
Nowadays, more frequently, it is necessary to perform underwater operations such as surveying an area or inspecting and intervening on industrial infrastructures such as offshore oil and gas rigs or pipeline networks. Recently, the use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) has grown as a way to automate these tasks, reducing risks and execution time. One of the used sensing modalities is vision, providing RGB high-quality information in the mid to low range, making it appropriate for manipulation or detail inspection tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular Signature Predictive of Long-Term Liver Fibrosis Progression to Inform Antifibrotic Drug Development.
Gastroenterology
April 2022
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Electronic address:
Background & Aims: There is a major unmet need to assess the prognostic impact of antifibrotics in clinical trials because of the slow rate of liver fibrosis progression. We aimed to develop a surrogate biomarker to predict future fibrosis progression.
Methods: A fibrosis progression signature (FPS) was defined to predict fibrosis progression within 5 years in patients with hepatitis C virus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with no to minimal fibrosis at baseline (n = 421) and was validated in an independent NAFLD cohort (n = 78).
A hyaluronic acid-based filler reduces lipolysis in human mature adipocytes and maintains adherence and lipid accumulation of long-term differentiated human preadipocytes.
J Cosmet Dermatol
May 2021
Laboratoires FILL-MED, Paris, France.
The beneficial role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in skin rejuvenation derived from its capacity to fill the under-layer volumes but also from its ability to regulate the extracellular matrix production by dermis fibroblasts. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is a commonly used injectable dermal filler showing excellent efficiencies to maintain tissue augmentation even after its biodegradation. To improve their stability, the HA molecules can also be "cross-linked" to each other.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!