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Multimodal learning for mapping genotype-phenotype dynamics.

Nat Comput Sci

January 2025

Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

How complex phenotypes emerge from intricate gene expression patterns is a fundamental question in biology. Integrating high-content genotyping approaches such as single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced learning methods such as language models offers an opportunity for dissecting this complex relationship. Here we present a computational integrated genetics framework designed to analyze and interpret the high-dimensional landscape of genotypes and their associated phenotypes simultaneously.

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Histological differences among thrombi in thrombotic diseases.

Curr Opin Hematol

January 2025

Department of Pathology, Section of Oncopathology and Morphological Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to summarize the histological differences among thrombi in acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and amniotic fluid embolism, a newly identified thrombosis.

Recent Findings: Acute coronary thrombi have a small size, are enriched in platelets and fibrin, and show the presence of fibrin and von Willebrand factor, but not collagen, at plaque rupture sites. Symptomatic deep vein thrombi are large and exhibit various phases of time-dependent histological changes.

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In this article, our goal is to offer an introduction and overview of the diagnostic approach to inherited platelet function defects (iPFDs) for clinicians and laboratory personnel who are beginning to engage in the field. We describe the most commonly used laboratory methods and propose a diagnostic four-step approach, wherein each stage requires a higher level of expertise and more specialized methods. It should be noted that our proposed approach differs from the ISTH Guidance on this topic in some points.

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Chemigenetic Ca2+ indicators report elevated Ca2+ levels in endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies.

PLoS One

January 2025

Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB) are secretory organelles exclusively found in endothelial cells and among other cargo proteins, contain the hemostatic von-Willebrand factor (VWF). Stimulation of endothelial cells results in exocytosis of WPB and release of their cargo into the vascular lumen, where VWF unfurls into long strings of up to 1000 µm and recruits platelets to sites of vascular injury, thereby mediating a crucial step in the hemostatic response. The function of VWF is strongly correlated to its structure; in order to fulfill its task in the vascular lumen, VWF has to undergo a complex packing/processing after translation into the ER.

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The future of siRNA-mediated approaches to treat von Willebrand disease.

Expert Rev Hematol

January 2025

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Introduction: The clinical management of the inherited bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease (VWD) focuses on normalizing circulating levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII) to prevent or control bleeding events. The heterogeneous nature of VWD, however, complicates effective disease management and development of universal treatment guidelines.

Areas Covered: The current treatment modalities of VWD and their limitations are described and why this prompts the development of new treatment approaches.

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