The CCN family of genes consists presently of six members in human (CCN1-6) also known as Cyr61 (Cystein rich 61), CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), NOV (Nephroblastoma Overexpressed gene), WISP-1, 2 and 3 (Wnt-1 Induced Secreted Proteins). Results obtained over the past decade have indicated that CCN proteins are matricellular proteins, which are involved in the regulation of various cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion and migration. The CCN proteins have recently emerged as regulatory factors involved in both internal and external cell signaling. CCN3 was reported to physically interact with fibulin-1C, integrins, Notch and S100A4. Considering that, the conformation and biological activity of these proteins are dependent upon calcium binding, we hypothesized that CCN3 might be involved in signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions.In this article, we review the data showing that CCN3 regulates the levels of intracellular calcium and discuss potential models that may account for the biological effects of CCN3.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC244900 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1478-811X-1-1 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed how specific mutations at Asp187 and Ser188 in the protease cocoonase (CCN) affect its ability to recognize substrates and carry out enzymatic activity.
- Mutations at Asp187 significantly reduced enzymatic activity, highlighting its key role, while changes at Ser188 had a lesser impact but still contributed to substrate recognition.
- Substituting Asp187 with other residues resulted in new substrate specificities, suggesting that the structure of the precursors remains stable, which may affect how the enzyme interacts with substrates and its overall catalytic function.
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