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Evolution and effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral development assistance for health: a mixed-methods review of trends and strategic shifts (1990-2022).
BMJ Glob Health
January 2025
Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Background: Development assistance for health (DAH) plays a vital role in supporting health programmes in low- and middle-income countries. While DAH has historically focused on infectious diseases and maternal and child health, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of DAH trends, strategic shifts and their impact on health systems and outcomes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of DAH from 1990 to 2022, examining its evolution and funding allocation shifts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions can reduce child antibiotic use: evidence from Bangladesh and Kenya.
Nat Commun
January 2025
University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Antibiotics can trigger antimicrobial resistance and microbiome alterations. Reducing pathogen exposure and undernutrition can reduce infections and antibiotic use. We assess effects of water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions on caregiver-reported antibiotic use in Bangladesh and Kenya, longitudinally measured at three timepoints among birth cohorts (ages 3-28 months) in a cluster-randomized trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein supplementation delivered alone or in combination with presumptive azithromycin treatment for enteric pathogens did not improve linear growth in Bangladeshi infants: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Am J Clin Nutr
January 2025
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Background: Protein requirements established for healthy populations may be insufficient to support healthy growth in infants consuming largely cereal-based complementary foods and frequently exposed to enteric pathogens.
Objective: To assess independent and combined effects of protein supplementation and antibiotic treatment on linear growth of infants from 6-12 months of age.
Design: We conducted a 2 x 4 factorial cluster-randomized trial in northwestern Bangladesh, allocating 566 clusters to masked azithromycin (10 mg·kg * 3 d) or placebo at 6 and 9 months of age, and unmasked delivery of an egg white protein-rich blended food supplement (250 kcal; 10 g added protein), a rice-based isocaloric supplement, egg, or nutrition education from 6-12 months.
Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The FIDELIO-DKD trial demonstrated that finerenone lowered the risk of renal and CV events in patients with CKD and T2D, regardless of cardiovascular disease history. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of finerenone added to background treatment (finerenone + BT) versus background treatment (BT) alone in patients with CKD and T2D from the perspective of the National Health Service in England and Wales.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors influencing survival outcomes in patients with stroke at three tertiary hospitals in Zimbabwe: A 12-month longitudinal study.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Physiotherapy, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background: In this longitudinal study, we aimed to determine factors influencing survival outcomes among patients with stroke at three tertiary hospitals over a 12-month period. The investigation sought to uncover influential determinants to enhance the precision of prognostic assessments and inform targeted interventions for individuals affected by stroke.
Methods: Employing a longitudinal study design, participants were observed for 12 months from baseline, censoring survivors at the endpoint.
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