Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a peculiar sub-type of acute myeloblastic leukaemia characterised by presence of atypical promyelocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood and common occurrence of haemorrhagic episodes associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Two morphological forms of APL are recognised--typical hypergranular and microgranular or M3 variant. This microgranular form of APL is rare but has got some peculiar features and often can be diagnosed by peripheral blood smear examination alone without bone marrow examination. Three cases of microgranular form of APL observed during a period of 6 months are reported here.
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Ther Adv Hematol
January 2025
Department of Paediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Er Road, No. 58, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
Background: Treatment outcomes for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have improved with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, yet relapse remains a concern, especially in pediatric patients. The prognostic value of minimal residual disease (MRD) post-induction and the impact of arsenic levels during induction on MRD are not fully understood.
Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between post-induction MRD levels and relapse-free survival (RFS) in pediatric APL patients, and to investigate the correlation between blood arsenic concentration levels during induction therapy and MRD status.
J Clin Med
December 2024
Hematology Unit with BMT, A.O.U. Policlinico "G.Rodolico-San Marco", 95123 Catania, Italy.
Hematological emergencies are critical medical conditions that require immediate attention due to their rapid progression and life-threatening nature. As various examples, hypercalcemia, often associated with cancers such as multiple myeloma, can lead to severe neurological and cardiac dysfunction. Hyperleukocytosis, common in acute myeloid leukemias, increases the risk of leukostasis and multiorgan failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accounts for approximately 10-15% of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia cases and presents with coagulopathy and bleeding. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are required to minimize early mortality in APL as initiation of all-trans retinoic acid therapy rapidly reverses coagulopathy. The fusion is a hallmark of APL and its rapid identification is essential for rapid initiation of specific treatment to prevent early deaths from coagulopathy and bleeding and optimize patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
December 2024
Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is frequently associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), leading to potentially life-threatening bleeding. Compared to bleeding, thromboses are a less commonly encountered problem.
Objective: The objective of our study was to identify the incidence and predictive value of demographic data, clinical-laboratory parameters, and thrombosis risk assessment models (RAMs) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with APL.
Cancers (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare type of AML, characterized by the t(15;17) translocation and accounting for 8-15% of cases. The introduction of target therapies, such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), radically changed the management of APL, making it the most curable AML subtype. However, a small percentage (estimated to be 2%) of AML presenting with APL-like morphology and/or immunophenotype lacks t(15;17).
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