The level of expression of cellular proto-oncogens c-myc and c-fos in rat liver has been studied as a function of protein synthesis rate (cycloheximide dose). Activation of proto-oncogens has been established to be initiated by 50% inhibition of nuclear protein synthesis. This promotes a certain level in chromatin structural rearrangements which is manifested, in particular, in decreasing activity of chromatin cleavage by Ca2+, Mg(2+)-DNAase and increasing degree of chromatin condensation. A role of topoisomerase II in chromatin structural rearrangements during proto-oncogen activation is postulated.

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