The strength of a train of rewarding brain stimulation required to support a criterion level of operant performance declines hyperbolically as the duration is increased. This finding has been attributed to a process of leaky integration. However, the rate at which integration approaches asymptote has been shown to depend on stimulation strength, a finding that differs from the behavior of a simple leaky integrator. The authors replicate both findings and show that they are both well described by a new model that incorporates a hyperbolic strength-duration function, a logistic function mapping stimulation frequency onto reward intensity, and another logistic function mapping reward intensity onto performance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.117.5.978 | DOI Listing |
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
December 2024
Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
Objective: Identification of therapeutic targets in the treatment of adolescent depression with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia and assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
Material And Methods: One hundred and twenty-three patients (mean age 19.6±2.
Nat Biomed Eng
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a proven treatment for movement disorders, also holds promise for the treatment of psychiatric and cognitive conditions. However, for DBS to be clinically effective, it may require DBS technology that can alter or trigger stimulation in response to changes in biomarkers sensed from the patient's brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that such adaptive DBS is feasible, it might achieve clinical effects that are not possible with standard continuous DBS and that some of the best biomarkers are signals from the cerebral cortex.
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December 2024
Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol consumption despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. AUD affects nearly one-third of adults at some point during their lives, with an associated cost of approximately $249 billion annually in the U.S.
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December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
Alteration of responses to salient stimuli occurs in a wide range of brain disorders and may be rooted in pathophysiological brain state dynamics. Specifically, tonic and phasic modes of activity in the reticular activating system (RAS) influence, and are influenced by, salient stimuli, respectively. The RAS influences the spectral characteristics of activity in the neocortex, shifting the balance between low- and high-frequency fluctuations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrating spatial and temporal information is essential for our sensory experience. While psychophysical evidence suggests spatial dependencies in duration perception, few studies have directly tested the neural link between temporal and spatial processing. Using ultra-high-field functional MRI and neuronal-based modeling, we investigated how and where the processing and the representation of a visual stimulus duration is linked to that of its spatial location.
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