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The response of the secretary of state and the "supervised discharge" provision of the UK mental health bill 2022: Potential problems and opportunities in the wake of Secretary of State for Justice v MM [2018] UKSC 60.
Int J Law Psychiatry
December 2024
Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Electronic address:
This article considers the legal regulation of discharge conditions that amount to deprivation of liberty (DoL) in the sense of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights following the UK Supreme Court's decision in Secretary of State for Justice v MM in 2018. The 2019 response of the Secretary of State for Justice to the MM judgment and the proposed "Supervised Discharge" provision of the UK 2022 Mental Health Bill are reviewed from a critical perspective with several important problems identified. It is recommended that the advice of the Secretary of State to make use of leave provisions under s17 of the MHA in place of conditional discharge is considered cautiously as this may be liable to future legal challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood-based DNA methylation and exposure risk scores predict PTSD with high accuracy in military and civilian cohorts.
BMC Med Genomics
September 2024
Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers aimed to create and validate Methylation Risk Scores (MRS) using machine learning to identify individuals at risk for PTSD based on genomic and trauma exposure data.
- The study developed three models: eMRS (which combines trauma exposure and methylation data), MoRS (which relies only on methylation data), and MoRSAE (which adjusts MoRS for trauma exposure).
- The eMRS model showed the best performance with a 92% accuracy, and all models were able to predict post-deployment PTSD significantly, suggesting that including trauma exposure improves risk assessment.
Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.
Brain Sci
June 2024
Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCaricaturing Shapes in Visual Memory.
Psychol Sci
July 2024
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University.
When representing high-level stimuli, such as faces and animals, we tend to emphasize salient features-such as a face's prominent cheekbones or a bird's pointed beak. Such leaves traces in memory, which exaggerates these distinctive qualities. How broadly does this phenomenon extend? Here, in six experiments ( = 700 adults), we explored how memory automatically caricatures basic units of visual processing-simple geometric shapes-even without task-related demands to do so.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelation of Aerobic Activity to Cognition and Well-being in Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A LIMBIC-CENC Study.
Mil Med
November 2023
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-0667, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic cognitive difficulties after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are common, prompting a study to explore the relationship between aerobic physical activity and cognitive well-being in veterans and service members with prior mTBI.
- The study involved over 1,000 participants, who were classified into different activity levels and underwent cognitive tests alongside self-reported measures of life satisfaction and well-being.
- Results indicated no significant differences in cognitive performance across activity levels, but those who engaged in regular aerobic activity reported higher life satisfaction and health status, with some exploratory findings suggesting improved working memory and verbal fluency associated with greater activity levels.
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