One of the main benchmarks in direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional turbulence is the Kolmogorov prediction for third-order structure functions with homogeneous and isotropic statistics in the infinite Reynolds number limit. Previous direct numerical simulations (DNS) techniques to obtain isotropic statistics have relied on time-averaging structure functions in a few directions over many eddy-turnover times, using forcing schemes carefully constructed to generate isotropic data. Motivated by recent theoretical work, which removes isotropy requirements by spherically averaging the structure functions over all directions, we will present results which supplement long-time averaging by angle-averaging over up to 73 directions from a single flow snapshot. The directions are among those natural to a square computational grid, and are weighted to approximate the spherical average. We use this angle-averaging procedure to compare the statistically steady flows generated by two different forcing schemes in a periodic box. Our results show that despite the apparent differences in the two flows, their isotropic components, as measured by the Kolmogorov laws, are essentially identical. This procedure may be used to investigate the isotropic part of the small-scale statistics of any quantity of interest. The averaging process is inexpensive, and for the Kolmogorov 4/5 law, reasonable results can be obtained from a single snapshot of data. This implies consistency with the recently derived local versions of the Kolmogorov laws, which do not require long-time averages.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.026310 | DOI Listing |
Front Neurol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Headache Outpatient Clinic, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Background: There is evidence that iron metabolism may play a role in the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of migraine. Studies using (=1/ ) relaxometry, a common MRI-based iron mapping technique, have reported increased values in various brain structures of migraineurs, indicating iron accumulation compared to healthy controls.
Purpose: To investigate whether there are short-term changes in during a migraine attack.
Front Neurol
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Qujing Second People's Hospital, Qujing, China.
Background: CT-routine MRI fusion imaging has recently become available to evaluate spinal anatomy before surgery. Due to the 3-5 mm slice thickness and non-isotropic of routine MRI sequence, the CT-routine MRI fusion imaging is not good. The MRI multiple recalled gradient echo (MERGE) sequence is potentially useful in diagnosis of lumbar degeneration disease due to the better nerve roots visualization, 1 mm slice thickness and its isotropy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
November 2024
Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Études des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
The exact homogenized probability density function, for a photon making a step of length s has been analytically derived for a binary (isotropic-Poisson) statistical mixture with unmatched refractive indexes. The companions, exact, homogenized probability density functions for a photon to change direction ("scatter"), with polar ϑ and azimuthal φ angles, and the homogenized albedo, have also been obtained analytically. These functions also apply to negative refractive indexes and can reduce the number of Monte Carlo simulations needed for photon propagation in complex binary (isotropic-Poisson) statistical mixtures from hundreds to just one, for an equivalent homogeneous medium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mech Behav Biomed Mater
November 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address:
Bracket fungi sporocarps present promising environmentally friendly alternatives to harmful and wasteful structural applications with their high strength-to-weight ratio mechanical properties. Kingdom Fungi is estimated to have over three million species, yet only 4% of the species have been described by mycologists, and their mechanical behavior has been under-explored. This work aims to characterize the material behavior and mechanical properties of bracket fungi as a whole through micro-mechanical tensile testing combined with microstructural imaging and analysis of two representative species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Crystallogr
December 2024
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA94025 USA.
The unique properties of the lanthanide (Ln) elements make them critical components of modern technologies, such as lasers, anti-corrosive films and catalysts. Thus, there is significant interest in establishing structure-property relationships for Ln-containing materials to advance these technologies. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is an excellent technique for this task considering its ability to determine the average local structure around the Ln atoms for both crystalline and amorphous materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!