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Establishment of a New Real-Time Molecular Assay for the Detection of Babanki Virus in Africa.
Viruses
November 2024
Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar 220, Senegal.
Babanki virus is a subtype of the Sindbis virus, a widespread arthropod-borne alphavirus circulating in Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Characterized by rashes and arthritis, clinical infections due to Sindbis were mainly reported in Africa, Australia, Asia, and Europe. However, its sub-type, Babanki virus, was reported in Northern Europe and Africa, where its epidemiology potential remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExclusion of Superinfection or Enhancement of Superinfection in Pestiviruses-APPV Infection Is Not Dependent on ADAM17.
Viruses
November 2024
Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Some viruses can suppress superinfections of their host cells by related or different virus species. The phenomenon of superinfection exclusion can be caused by inhibiting virus attachment, receptor binding and entry, by replication interference, or competition for host cell resources. Blocking attachment and entry not only prevents unproductive double infections but also stops newly produced virions from re-entering the cell post-exocytosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent Status and Significance of Additional Vaccination with COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan-Considerations from Antibody Levels from Hybrid Immunity and Public Perceptions.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan.
This report examines the evolving role of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Japan, especially in light of the reduced public concern following the reclassification of COVID-19 as a Category 5 infectious disease in May 2023. With over half the population estimated to have hybrid immunity from prior infections and vaccinations, this report evaluated the necessity and frequency of additional booster doses. Despite strong recommendations from Japanese medical societies to continue vaccination, public skepticism remains owing to financial burdens, adverse reactions, and the perceived limited benefits of frequent boosters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating and Enhancing Face Anti-Spoofing Algorithms for Light Makeup: A General Detection Approach.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Makeup modifies facial textures and colors, impacting the precision of face anti-spoofing systems. Many individuals opt for light makeup in their daily lives, which generally does not hinder face identity recognition. However, current research in face anti-spoofing often neglects the influence of light makeup on facial feature recognition, notably the absence of publicly accessible datasets featuring light makeup faces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModel-Based Dose Selection of a Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulator, Etrasimod, in Patients with Various Degrees of Hepatic Impairment.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Etrasimod is a newly FDA-approved Sphingosine-1-Phosphate modulator indicated for moderate and severe ulcerative colitis. It is extensively metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 system and may accumulate markedly in patients with hepatic dysfunction, exposing them to toxicity. The aim of the current study is to utilize a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling approach to evaluate the impact of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetic behavior of etrasimod and to appropriately select dosage regimens for patients with chronic liver disease; Methods: PK-Sim was used to develop the etrasimod PBPK model, which was verified using clinical data from healthy subjects and subsequently adapted to reflect the physiological changes associated with varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction; Results: Simulations indicated that hepatic clearance of etrasimod is clearly reduced in patients with Child-Pugh B and C liver impairment.
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