Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The effects of honokiol and magnolol extracted from the Magnolia officinalis on muscular contractile responses and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization were investigated in the non-pregnant rat uterus. Honokiol and magnolol (1-100 micromol/l) were observed to inhibit spontaneous and uterotonic agonists (carbachol, PGF(2alpha), and oxytocin)-, high K(+)-, and Ca(2+) channel activator (Bay K 8644)-induced uterine contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of honokiol on spontaneous contractions appeared to be slower than that of magnolol-induced response. The time periods that were required for honokiol and magnolol, at 100 micromol/l, to abolish 50% spontaneous contractions were approximately 6 min. Furthermore, honokiol and magnolol at 10 micromol/l also blocked the Ca(2+)-dependent oscillatory contractions. Consistently, the increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) induced by PGF(2alpha) and high K(+) were suppressed by both honokiol and magnolol at 10 micromol/l. After washout of these treatments, the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by PGF(2alpha) and high K(+) was still partially abolished. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of honokiol and magnolol on uterine contraction may be mediated by blockade of external Ca(2+) influx, leading to a decrease in [Ca(2+)](i). Honokiol and magnolol may be considered as putative Ca(2+) channel blockers and be of potential value in the treatment of gynecological dysfunctions associated with uterine muscular spasm and dysmenorrhea.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-003-0802-8 | DOI Listing |
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