Plasma levels of interleukin-8 and expression of interleukin-8 receptors on circulating neutrophils and monocytes after cardiopulmonary bypass in children.

Objective: Cardiopulmonary bypass induces a systemic inflammatory response that causes substantial clinical morbidity. This study sought to determine cellular and humoral variables of inflammation. We hypothesized that chemokines are a major source of stimulation of neutrophils and monocytes in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods: We performed an observational prospective clinical study of 20 pediatric patients before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide were measured by immunoassays. Expression of interleukin-8 receptors (CXCR1, CXCR2) and CD14 of circulating neutrophils and monocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. Clinical evaluations included length of inotropic support and mechanical ventilation as well as oxygenation.

Results: Two hours after cardiopulmonary bypass, plasma levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were strongly increased (P =.0001 and P =.0032, respectively). Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 concentrations correlated with the length of inotropic support, as well as with the length of mechanical ventilation (r >.70, P .62, P
Conclusions: After cardiopulmonary bypass, impairment of cardiovascular and respiratory function correlated with the levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 as mediators of an inflammatory response. The negative correlation of CXCR2 expression with interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase indicates that myeloid cells were stimulated by CXC chemokines with Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif and thereby contributed to tissue damage, leading to impairment of cardiovascular and respiratory function.