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A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of BiPAP Pressure Settings on Airway Biomechanics Using a CT-Based Respiratory Tract Model.

Respir Physiol Neurobiol

January 2025

School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address:

Central and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CSA and OSA), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) disrupt breathing patterns, posing significant health risks and reducing the quality of life. Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) therapy offers adjustable inhalation and exhalation pressures, potentially enhancing treatment adaptability for the above diseases. This is the first-ever study that employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to examine the biomechanical impacts of BiPAP under four settings: Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP)/Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) of 12/8, 16/6, and 18/8 cmHO, compared to a without-BiPAP scenario of zero-gauge pressure.

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Silent Sinus Syndrome of the Frontal Sinus: A Case Report.

Cureus

December 2024

Otolaryngology, Fairfield General Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, GBR.

Silent sinus syndrome is a rare condition that typically affects the maxillary sinus, with only a few reported cases of frontal sinus involvement. Blockage of the sinus ostium leads to persistent hypoventilation, creating negative pressure and eventual sinus collapse. This report describes a previously undocumented case of facial asymmetry due to frontal silent sinus syndrome, following multiple childhood nasal injuries.

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Anaesthetic management of laparotomy in a patient with anti-NMDA receptor antibody-mediated encephalitis.

BMJ Case Rep

January 2025

Anaesthesiology, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Management of cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antibody-mediated encephalitis is very challenging to anaesthesiologists as this receptor is the target of many anaesthetics. We report a woman diagnosed with anti-NMDA antibody-mediated encephalitis posted for laparotomy. She presented with generalised tonic-clonic seizures.

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Objectives: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in treating severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), based on polysomnographic parameters, and to highlight the importance of hospital-based titration in optimizing treatment and guiding choices of alternative ventilation modes.

Methods: Sixty-nine patients (n=69, 100%), predominantly female (n=49, 71%), were included in the study. Polysomnographic data were collected during hospital-based CPAP titration.

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Objectives: To present cases of rapid onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) and discuss management insights.

Methods: Case records of patients fulfilling the criteria for ROHHAD and presenting to the Pediatric Endocrinology Division of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between July 2019 and June 2024 were reviewed for clinical features, treatments, and outcomes.

Results: Five patients (4 boys, 1 girl) presented at a median age of 4 y (range 3.

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