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Year in Review: Novel Insights in the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis - SPARTAN 2024 Annual Meeting Proceedings.
Curr Rheumatol Rep
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Purpose Of Review: The canonical pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves inflammation driven by HLA-B27, type 3 immunity, and gut microbial dysregulation. This review based on information presented at the SPARTAN meeting highlights studies on the pathogenesis of SpA from the past year, focusing on emerging mechanisms such as the roles of microbe-derived metabolites, microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines in plasma exosomes, specific T cell subsets, and neutrophils.
Recent Findings: The induction of arthritis in a preclinical model through microbiota-driven alterations in tryptophan catabolism provides new insights as to how intestinal dysbiosis may activate disease via the gut-joint axis.
Association of plasma BDNF and MMP-9 levels with mild cognitive impairment: a matched case-control study.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise globally, and everyone who develops AD eventually experiences mild cognitive impairment (MCI) first. Timely intervention at an early stage of the disease may mitigate disease progression. Recent studies indicate that BDNF and MMP-9 play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvancing hepatitis B elimination: A systematic review of global immunization progress and future directions.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis
December 2024
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of eliminating viral hepatitis B and C by 2030. Vaccination against hepatitis B (HepB) remains the most effective strategy for controlling and eliminating Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. The development of HepB vaccines started with plasma-derived vaccines, which have since been largely replaced by safer and more effective recombinant vaccines, now considered the gold standard for preventing HBV infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA simplified multidimensional scale approach is effective in predicting mortality in hospitalized older adults and highlights the role of nutrition.
Clin Nutr
December 2024
Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Geriatric Clinic, Maggiore University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy; School of Dietetics, University of Trieste - Pordenone branch, Pordenone, Italy.
Background & Aims: Malnutrition and cognitive impairment are among the major contributors to frailty, that significantly increases the risk of mortality of older hospitalized patients. Multidimensional frailty assessment tools, such as the multidimensional prognostic index-MPI, a tool based on a standard comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), have proven valuable for predicting adverse outcomes, including mortality of older adults following acute illness but its application in everyday clinical practice is limited. We hypothesized that removing parameters not closely associated with mortality and sorting the patient population according to the presence or not of cognitive impairment with possible integration of common laboratory markers, could provide a simplified approach that could improve practicability in all settings with at least comparable 1-year mortality predictive value.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-Term Aerobic Exercise Enhances Hepatoprotection in MAFLD by Modulating Exosomal miR-324 via ROCK1.
Metabolites
December 2024
Exercise Biological Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China.
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is central to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MAFLD). While aerobic exercise reduces hepatic fat and enhances insulin sensitivity, the specific mechanisms-particularly those involving exosomal pathways-are not fully elucidated.
Method: Exosomes were isolated from 15 MAFLD patients' plasma following the final session of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention.
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