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The stimulant cathine from Khat causes tachycardia indirectly in the rat.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
September 2024
Department of Clinical Physiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Leaves of the Khat plant are widely consumed in the Horn of Africa, Yemen and the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. I have investigated the mode of cardiovascular and autonomic actions of the stimulant cathine from Khat in terms of direct or indirect adrenergic actions in anaesthetised male and female rats, and in isolated tissues. Male and female rats were anaesthetised with pentobarbitone and changes in diastolic blood pressure and cardioaccelerator responses were examined in vehicle-treated or chemically sympathectomised rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethylhexaneamine causes tachycardia and pressor responses indirectly by releasing noradrenaline in the rat.
Eur J Pharmacol
January 2019
Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
We have investigated the mode of cardiovascular action of the stimulant methylhexaneamine (MHA) in terms of direct or indirect adrenergic actions in anaesthetised rats. Male and female rats were anaesthetised with pentobarbitone and pressor (changes in diastolic blood pressure) and cardioaccelerator responses to MHA were examined in vehicle treated or chemically sympathectomised rats. MHA produced pressor and cardioaccelerator responses over the same dose range in vehicle treated animals, with significant cardioaccelerator and pressor responses occurring at MHA (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural pathways to cardioaccelerator neurons in the isopod crustacean Bathynomus doederleini: Cholinergic activation by somatic movements.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
May 2011
Department of Biology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa 6-20-2, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
We investigated the excitatory and inhibitory input to cardioaccelerator (CA) and cardioinhibitor (CI) neurons located in the thoracic ganglia of the isopod crustacean Bathynomus doederleini by extracellular and intracellular recording. Electrical stimuli applied to the anterior and posterior connectives of single-ganglion preparations, containing either the 2nd or 3rd thoracic ganglion alone, and each of three paired ganglionic nerve roots produced excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the cell body of a CA neuron. Artificial movements of appendages, such as the thoracic limbs and the swimmerets, also evoked EPSPs in the CA neuron.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDorsal root tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels do not contribute to the augmented exercise pressor reflex in rats with chronic femoral artery occlusion.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
February 2011
Pennsylvania State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 Univ. Dr., Mail Code H047, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
We investigated the contribution of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channels to the augmented exercise pressor reflex observed in decerebrated rats with femoral artery ligation. The pressor responses to static contraction, to tendon stretch, and to electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve were compared before and after blocking TTX-sensitive sodium channels on the L3-L6 dorsal roots of rats whose hindlimbs were freely perfused and rats whose femoral arteries were ligated 72 h before the start of the experiment. In the freely perfused group (n=9), pressor (Δ22±4 mmHg) and cardioaccelerator (Δ32±6 beats/min) responses to contraction were attenuated by 1 μM TTX (Δ4±1 mmHg, P<0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThalamic neurons in the pigeon compute distance-to-collision of an approaching surface.
Brain Behav Evol
October 2008
Laboratory for Visual Information Processing, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
The thalamofugal and tectofugal pathways in birds are two parallel visual pathways to the telencephalon and might be comparable to the geniculocortical and colliculo-pulvinar-cortical pathways in mammals, respectively. It is known that some tectal neurons in the tectofugal pathway can signal the time-to-collision of an approaching object. Here we show by single cell recording in the pigeon that a population of visual neurons in the nucleus opticus principalis thalami (nOPT) in the thalamofugal pathway is able to detect the distance-to-collision of a large surface approaching towards the animal.
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