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Treatment approaches in advanced penile cancer: targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
Front Oncol
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Penile cancer is a rare genitourinary malignancy which can be treated with surgery or radiation for localized disease, but often requires systemic treatment with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease. With the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for specific genomic aberrations in the treatment of over a dozen other cancers, recent studies have sought to identify therapies other than chemotherapy in treating this uncommon cancer. Several ongoing trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody drug conjugates are attempting to identify additional therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiome and Colorectal Cancer in Humans: A Review of Recent Studies.
J Anus Rectum Colon
January 2025
Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
The tumor microenvironment has recently been well-studied in various gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract, is one of the microenvironments associated with colon carcinogenesis. It has been challenging to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to carcinogenesis and cancer progression due to complex interactions with the host, including its metabolites and immune and inflammatory responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdherence to community-based lung cancer screening in the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial.
Lung Cancer
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. Electronic address:
Introduction: Lung cancer screening saves lives by detecting cancers early, but continued adherence to screening rounds is required for participants to experience the maximum clinical benefit. Here we describe factors associated with screening adherence in the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial.
Methods: All eligible individuals following baseline (prevalent) screening were invited for a biennial incident screen in a community setting.
A comprehensive review of current insights into the virulence factors of SARS-CoV-2.
J Virol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity has been a major focus of attention. However, the determinants of pathogenicity are still unclear. Various hypotheses have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the evolution of viral pathogenicity, but a definitive conclusion has yet to be reached.
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