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Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
May 2014
Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3.
Background: Hypertension is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Although it is established that low-dose thiazides reduce mortality as well as cardiovascular morbidity, the dose-related effect of thiazides in decreasing blood pressure has not been subject to a rigorous systematic review. It is not known whether individual drugs within the thiazide diuretic class differ in their blood pressure-lowering effects and adverse effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScreening procedure for detection of diuretics and uricosurics and/or their metabolites in human urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extractive methylation.
Ther Drug Monit
August 2005
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based screening procedure was developed for the detection of diuretics, uricosurics, and/or their metabolites in human urine after extractive methylation. Phase-transfer catalyst remaining in the organic phase was removed by solid-phase extraction on a diol phase. The compounds were separated by GC and identified by MS in the full-scan mode.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiuretics in the therapy of hypertension.
J Hum Hypertens
March 2002
Institute of Cardiovascular Theory, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy with diuretics renders blood pressure (BP) values under control in a large percentage of patients suffering from essential hypertension, and it reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diuretics are effective in adult and elderly hypertensive subjects, independently of their race. Treatments with classic (high) doses of antihypertensive diuretics, such as 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide once daily, raise the activity of the RAA system, decrease plasma potassium and magnesium concentrations, and cause untoward changes in carbohydrate metabolism and in the plasma lipid profile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of phototoxic properties of oral antidiabetics and diuretics. Photohemolysis model as a screening method for recognizing potential photosensitizing drugs.
Arzneimittelforschung
September 1997
Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
The oral hypoglycemic drugs carbutamide, chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glubornuride, gliclazide, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide, glymidine, tolazamide and tolbutamide, and the diuretics acetazolamide, bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, butizide, chlorazanile, chlorothiazide, chlortalidone, clopamide, cyclopenthiazide, cyclothiazide, diazoxide, etozoline, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, indapamide, mefruside, metolazone, piretanide, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide, and xipamide were investigated for photohemolytic properties in vitro. Irradiation with a SOL 3 apparatus (solar simulating irradiation) revealed hemolysis in the presence of five oral hypoglycemic agents and in the presence of 19 out of the 25 tested diuretics. Photohemolysis was induced in the presence of three substances, respectively, after exposure to UVA or visible light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibition of thiazide photohemolysis in vitro by antioxidants and a nitrogen atmosphere.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed
October 1996
Department of Dermatology, Ullevaal Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
The diuretics acetazolamide, bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, butizide, chlorazanile, chlorothiazide, chlortalidone, clopamide, cyclopenthiazide, cyclothiazide, diazoxide, etozoline, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, indapamide, mefruside, metolazone, piretanide, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide, and xipamide were screened in vitro for phototoxic effects by means of a photohemolysis test. In all, 19 out of the 25 test substances revealed phototoxic hemolytic properties after irradiation with either solar stimulating irradiation, UVA and/or visible light. Addition of the antioxidants ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherole or superoxide dismutase significantly inhibited the phototoxic hemolysis, as well as did investigations carried out in a nitrogen rich atmosphere, findings which indicate the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the phototoxic process.
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