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A review of literature of a functional, congenital intrathoracic kidney.
J Cardiothorac Surg
January 2025
Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences - Northwest, Fayetteville, USA.
Introduction: The rarest form of renal ectopia, the thoracic kidney, has been documented in only about 200 cases worldwide. There are four recognized causes of congenital thoracic renal ectopia: renal ectopia with an intact diaphragm, diaphragmatic eventration, diaphragmatic hernia, and traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. This condition often presents as an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStauffer Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of the Icteric Variant of the Syndrome.
Cureus
October 2019
Internal Medicine: Gastroenterology, Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
Stauffer syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome classically associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This association gave it the historical name of nonmetastatic nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction syndrome without jaundice. It is a syndrome of unclear pathophysiology characterized by a reversible anicteric elevation of liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), thrombocytosis, prolongation of prothrombin time, and hepatosplenomegaly in the absence of direct hepatobiliary obstruction or jaundice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuburothelial and extrinsic lesions of the urinary bladder: radiologic and pathologic features with emphasis on MR imaging.
Abdom Imaging
October 2015
Department of Radiology, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Objective: The purpose of this article is to present a contemporary review of the imaging appearance of diseases which affect the deeper layers of the urinary bladder, including both suburothelial and extrinsic pathologies, using radiologic-pathologic correlation.
Conclusion: Compared to the more common urothelial lesions, at cystoscopy, suburothelial and extrinsic diseases of the urinary bladder wall often have a non-specific appearance or may be occult. Cross-sectional imaging, in particular MRI, plays an integral role in diagnosis.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after exposure to gadolinium in patients with renal failure.
Nephrol Dial Transplant
November 2007
Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, USA.
Background: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a debilitating disease occurring exclusively in patients with renal failure. The aetiology of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is unclear, but recent reports suggest that exposure to gadolinium for enhancement of magnetic resonance imaging may play a role. In the present study, we assessed the association of exposure to gadolinium with the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease.
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