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Qualitative confirmation of 30 phencyclidine analogs in human blood and urine using GC-HRMS and a self-built library search.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
January 2025
Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063 China. Electronic address:
Introduction: Phencyclidine, a dissociative anesthetic with hallucinogenic effects, is commonly abused as a recreational drug. Phencyclidine analogs are compounds produced by substitutions of the phenyl and piperidine rings of phencyclidine. Illegal use of phencyclidine and its analogs has symptoms such as addiction, confusion, and increased tendencies toward violence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA New Three-Hit Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Cognitive Impairments and Persistent Sociability Deficits.
Brain Sci
December 2024
Department of Health, Normandie Université, UNICAEN (Université de Caen Normandie), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 1075 COMETE, Campus 5, CYCERON, FHU (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire) A2M2P, CHU (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire) Caen, 14000 Caen, France.
Background/objectives: Cognitive deficits and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia are poorly managed by current antipsychotics. In order to develop effective treatments, refining animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders is essential.
Methods: To address their multifactorial etiology, we developed a new three-hit mouse model based on the hypoglutamatergic hypothesis of the pathology combined with early stress, offering strong construct validity.
Structure Confirmation of Three New Psychoactive Substances and Qualitative Identification of Unknown Substances.
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi
August 2024
Jiangxi Qiushi Forensic Appraisal Center, Nanchang 330006, China.
Objectives: To establish the structural confirmation methods of three suspected new psychoactive substances (NPSs), and explore a more general qualitative testing method.
Methods: Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR), C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C-NMR), F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (F-NMR) and other techniques were used to identify the composition and structure of 5 samples containing suspected NPS submitted by public security bureaus.
Results: NPSs were found in the above 5 samples, and 3 were confirmed as NPS included in the newly listed controlled substances on July 1, 2024, namely 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (2-MDCK), 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclohexan-l-one (2-FXE), 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)pentan-1-one (dipentylone), respectively.
Nicotine's Effects on Schizophrenia-like Symptoms in a Mice Model: Time Matters.
Brain Sci
August 2024
Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil.
Article Synopsis
- Tobacco use is common among patients with schizophrenia (SCHZ), and the study explores how the order of tobacco and SCHZ onset affects their relationship.
- Using a mouse model, researchers tested the effects of either tobacco exposure before or after inducing SCHZ symptoms with phencyclidine (PCP), measuring behaviors linked to schizophrenia.
- Results revealed that the sequence of exposure alters the impact on behaviors, suggesting that the order of tobacco use and SCHZ plays a crucial role in understanding their interaction and potential neurobiological mechanisms.*
Dysfunction of the NMDA Receptor in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and/or the Pathomechanisms of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
Biomolecules
September 2024
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
For several decades, the dopamine hypothesis contributed to the discovery of numerous typical and atypical antipsychotics and was the sole hypothesis for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, neither typical nor atypical antipsychotics, other than clozapine, have been effective in addressing negative symptoms and cognitive impairments, which are indices for the prognostic and disability outcomes of schizophrenia. Following the development of atypical antipsychotics, the therapeutic targets for antipsychotics expanded beyond the blockade of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors to explore the partial agonism of the D2 receptor and the modulation of new targets, such as D3, 5-HT1A, 5-HT7, and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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