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Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid widely used perioperatively and illicitly as a drug of abuse . It is well established that fentanyl acts as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, signaling through Gα intracellular pathways to inhibit electrical excitability, resulting in analgesia and respiratory depression . However, fentanyl uniquely also triggers muscle rigidity, including respiratory muscles, hindering the ability to execute central respiratory commands or to receive external resuscitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into neuron-like cells exhibiting electrophysiological activity.
Stem Cell Res Ther
January 2025
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain.
Background And Aim: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) constitute a promising alternative for central nervous system (CNS) cell therapy. Unlike other human stem cells, hDPSCs can be differentiated, without genetic modification, to neural cells that secrete neuroprotective factors. However, a better understanding of their real capacity to give rise to functional neurons and integrate into synaptic networks is still needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA propofol binding site in the voltage sensor domain mediates inhibition of HCN1 channel activity.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Article Synopsis
- HCN ion channels play a key role in cellular activity and pain perception, with propofol acting as an analgesic by inhibiting their function.
- Researchers used a propofol analog to pinpoint binding sites on the human HCN1 isoform, revealing a specific pocket formed by certain residues in the channel.
- Mutations in this binding pocket affect propofol's ability to modulate HCN1 currents, highlighting its specific binding mechanism and offering insights for developing targeted HCN channel modulators.
Dexmedetomidine suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.
FEBS Open Bio
December 2024
Department of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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- Proper glycemic control is important in critical care settings, as it can impact patient outcomes and is influenced by factors such as insulin secretion and glucose metabolism.
- Various perioperative drugs, particularly dexmedetomidine (DEX), are shown to suppress glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
- Research using pancreatic cell lines and primary cells indicates that DEX reduces insulin secretion without significantly altering other cellular processes, suggesting that it affects insulin signaling pathways and exocytosis mechanisms.
The potassium channel subunit K1.8 () is essential for the distinctive outwardly rectifying conductances of type I and II vestibular hair cells.
Elife
December 2024
Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.
In amniotes, head motions and tilt are detected by two types of vestibular hair cells (HCs) with strikingly different morphology and physiology. Mature type I HCs express a large and very unusual potassium conductance, g, which activates negative to resting potential, confers very negative resting potentials and low input resistances, and enhances an unusual non-quantal transmission from type I cells onto their calyceal afferent terminals. Following clues pointing to K1.
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