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In a visual inverted pendulum balancing task avoiding impending falls gets harder as we age.
Exp Brain Res
January 2025
Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University, MS 033, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
Younger adults (YA) and older adults (OA) used a joystick to stabilize an unstable visual inverted pendulum (VIP) with a fundamental frequency (.27 Hz) of half that of bipedal human sway. Their task was to keep the VIP upright and to avoid ± 60° "fall" boundaries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecommendations for the Safe Application of Temporal Interference Stimulation in the Human Brain Part II: Biophysics, Dosimetry, and Safety Recommendations.
Bioelectromagnetics
January 2025
Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland.
Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a new form of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) that has been proposed as a method for targeted, noninvasive stimulation of deep brain structures. While TIS holds promise for a variety of clinical and nonclinical applications, little data is yet available regarding its effects in humans and its mechanisms of action. To inform the design and safe conduct of experiments involving TIS, researchers require quantitative guidance regarding safe exposure limits and other safety considerations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoorer objective but not subjective driving performance in drivers vulnerable to sleep loss effects during extended wake.
J Sleep Res
January 2025
Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Sleepiness-related errors are a leading cause of driving accidents, requiring drivers to effectively monitor sleepiness levels. However, there are inter-individual differences in driving performance after sleep loss, with some showing poor driving performance while others show minimal impairment. This research explored if there are differences in self-reported sleepiness and driving performance in healthy drivers who exhibited vulnerability or resistance to objective driving impairment following extended wakefulness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubregions in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex integrate threat and protective information to meta-represent safety.
PLoS Biol
January 2025
Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America.
Pivotal to self-preservation is the ability to identify when we are safe and when we are in danger. Previous studies have focused on safety estimations based on the features of external threats and do not consider how the brain integrates other key factors, including estimates about our ability to protect ourselves. Here, we examine the neural systems underlying the online dynamic encoding of safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe influence of government-issued lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on traumatic brain injuries in Tyrol, Austria.
Brain Spine
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Introduction: In February 2020, COVID-19 infections started to spread in Austria. This was followed by governmental actions and constraints such as lockdowns, quarantine protocols, and a ban on outdoor sports. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of these measures on the number of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the state of Tyrol.
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