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Beyond checkpoint inhibitors: the three generations of immunotherapy.
Clin Exp Med
January 2025
LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, LSU School of Medicine, 1700 Tulane Avenue, Room 510, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Anti-tumor immunotherapy was rediscovered and rejuvenated in the last two decades with the discovery of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 and the roles in inhibiting immune function and tumor evasion of anti-tumor immune response. Following the approval of the first checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab against CTLA-4 in melanoma in 2011, there has been a rapid development of tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, additional positive and negative molecules among the T-cell regulatory systems have been identified that that function to fine tune the stimulatory or inhibitory immune cells and modulate their functions (checkpoint modulators).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargets Selection for Precision Therapy of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: the Latest Advancements.
Curr Treat Options Oncol
January 2025
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, Heping District, China.
According to the guidelines, the primary treatment for multiple myeloma is still based on drugs such as carfilzomib, lenalidomide, or daratumumab. However, patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) may be insensitive or develop resistance to the above therapeutic medications. Thus, formulating standardized and rational treatment regimens for such patients remains an area for consideration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCD47 Knock-Out Using CRISPR-Cas9 RNA Lipid Nanocarriers Results in Reduced Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Growth In Vivo.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
Immune checkpoint (ICP) blockade has shown limited effectiveness in glioblastoma (GBM), particularly in the mesenchymal subtype, where interactions between immune cells and glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) drive immunosuppression and therapy resistance. Tailoring ICPs specific to GSCs can enhance the antitumor immune response. This study proposes the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating CRISPR RNAs as an in vivo screening tool for ICPs in a syngeneic model of mesenchymal GSCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondrial Protein MjEF-Tu is Secreted into Host Plants by Nematodes Eliciting Immune Signaling and Resistance.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Little is known about plant-parasitic animal-derived pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)/ pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) pairs. Additionally, mitochondrial proteins have not previously been reported to be secreted into hosts by pathogens. Here, it is found that the Meloidogyne javanica elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu) (MjEF-Tu) located in the nematode mitochondria is up-regulated and secreted into the host plant during nematode parasitism.
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