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Assessing Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, and ICU Doctors' Knowledge, Confidence, and Attitude in Managing In-Flight Medical Emergencies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Cureus
February 2025
Medicine and Surgery, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, SAU.
Background: In-flight medical emergencies (IFMEs) present unique challenges for healthcare professionals, requiring a specific set of knowledge and skills that are not typically covered in standard medical training. This study aims to assess the knowledge, practices, and confidence levels of healthcare professionals in managing IFMEs, as well as their understanding of aviation physiology.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,000 healthcare professionals from various specialties and regions.
Introduction: Ebullism is the pathophysiological process that occurs as a result of exposures to extremely low ambient pressures, traditionally below 47 mmHg (<0.9 psi, ∼63,000 ft/19,202 m equivalent). However, this field of research has made minimal progress since the 1940s-1960s, when the physiology of high altitude/space operations was being explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespiratory anatomy and physiology in diving penguins.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
February 2025
Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
The anatomy and function of the respiratory systems of penguins are reviewed in relation to gas exchange and minimization of the risks of pulmonary barotrauma, decompression sickness and nitrogen narcosis during dives. Topics include available lung morphology and morphometry, respiratory air volumes determined with different techniques, review of possible physiological and biomechanical mechanisms of baroprotection, calculations of baroprotection limits and review of air sac and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (P) profiles in relation to movement of air during breathing and during dives. Limits for baroprotection to 200, 400 and 600 m in Adélie, king and emperor penguins, respectively, would require complete transfer of air sac air and reductions in the combined tracheobronchial tree-parabronchial volume of 24% in Adélie, 53% in king penguins and 76% in emperor penguins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdaptive Inert Gas Exchange Model for Improved Hypobaric Decompression Sickness Risk Estimation.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform
February 2025
Introduction: Future high-altitude military operations and spaceflight will require new procedures to protect crews from decompression sickness while limiting the operational impact. It is hypothesized that the current prediction models do not accurately reflect actual inert gas dynamics, making them unsuitable for the risk estimation of new hypobaric exposure profiles.
Methods: A biophysical gas exchange model was created, allowing modification of various physiological parameters.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: An Evidence-Based Primer for Emergency Physicians.
J Emerg Med
March 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Background: Hyperbaric medicine is a subspecialty that many emergency physicians may not encounter frequently in their daily practice. As such, we hope to provide a review, where we present an overview of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, complications from the therapy, and a description of how the treatments are administered. We also discuss seven emergency indications that may benefit from transfer to a hyperbaric facility for treatment.
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